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1、.英语定语从句(形容词性从句)用法一、定义:定语从句在复合句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用,同时在从句中又充当句子成分。关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有:when, where, why等。先行词+关系词+定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair先行词关系
2、词定语从句关系代词关系副词(which,who,whom,whose,that)(where,when,why)二、关系代词和关系副词的用法:1)当先行词为人时用who作主语,whom作宾语(可省);2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which,可作主语或宾语;3)先行词为人、物时用that,可作主语或宾语(可省);4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)。...关系词在定语
3、从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词必须和先行词在人称和数量上保持一致。小结:who,whom,whose(ofwhich),that(指人/物),which(指物)(主语)(宾语)(定语)Where=inwhich(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语)When=onwhich(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语Why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)三、关系词的选择1.首先判断先行词。2.先行词确定后,再看关系词在从句中作什么成分,然后正确选择关系词。4.定语从句要避免成分重复5.定语从句要避免漏用先行词6.含有介词
4、的短语动词一般不拆开ThesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyearSheisthegirlwhosingsbestofallThestudentwhoansweredthequestionismyclassmateThedoctorwhomyou’rtalkingabouthasgonehomeIknowtheladywhosehusbandworksinahospital...Thisistheletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficult
5、toreadWhereismycoatwhichIboughtthismorning?IhaveneverforgottenthedaywhenImetyouTheistheroomwherehelivesTheisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleaveThewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.四、定语从句中的that,who用来指人时的用法在下列情况下多用或须用who①关系代
6、词在从句中作主语时,多用who.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thedoctorwhotreatedmewasveryexperienced.②先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时,多用who。Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.Anyonewhobreakstherulewillbepunished.③先行词为those和people时多用who。Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.Peo
7、plewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.④在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用who,作宾语须用whom。Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworkshard.Mr.Green,whomyousawinthelibraryyesterday,willteachusphysicsnextterm....⑤在被分割的定语从句中须用who.AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.⑥在以the
8、rebe开头的句子中多用who.Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeourheadmaster.⑦一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词是that,另一个须用who。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatismodestandstudiesveryhard.五、只用that不用which的情况1、 当先行词是all, little,