PROPOSED ROADS TO FREEDOM(通往自由之路)

PROPOSED ROADS TO FREEDOM(通往自由之路)

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时间:2019-02-28

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1、PROPOSEDROADSTOFREEDOMPROPOSEDROADSTOFREEDOMBYBERTRANDRUSSELL,F.R.S.1PROPOSEDROADSTOFREEDOMINTRODUCTIONTHEattempttoconceiveimaginativelyabetterorderingofhumansocietythanthedestructiveandcruelchaosinwhichmankindhashithertoexistedisbynomeansmodern:itisatleastasoldasPla

2、to,whose``Republic''setthemodelfortheUtopiasofsubsequentphilosophers.Whoevercontemplatestheworldinthelightofanideal--whetherwhatheseeksbeintellect,orart,orlove,orsimplehappiness,oralltogether--mustfeelagreatsorrowintheevilsthatmenneedlesslyallowtocontinue,and--ifhebe

3、amanofforceandvitalenergy--anurgentdesiretoleadmentotherealizationofthegoodwhichinspireshiscreativevision.ItisthisdesirewhichhasbeentheprimaryforcemovingthepioneersofSocialismandAnarchism,asitmovedtheinventorsofidealcommonwealthsinthepast.Inthisthereisnothingnew.What

4、isnewinSocialismandAnarchism,isthatcloserelationoftheidealtothepresentsufferingsofmen,whichhasenabledpowerfulpoliticalmovementstogrowoutofthehopesofsolitarythinkers.ItisthisthatmakesSocialismandAnarchismimportant,anditisthisthatmakesthemdangeroustothosewhobatten,cons

5、ciouslyorunconsciouslyupontheevilsofourpresentorderofsociety.Thegreatmajorityofmenandwomen,inordinarytimes,passthroughlifewithoutevercontemplatingorcriticising,asawhole,eithertheirownconditionsorthoseoftheworldatlarge.Theyfindthemselvesbornintoacertainplaceinsociety,

6、andtheyacceptwhateachdaybringsforth,withoutanyeffortofthoughtbeyondwhattheimmediatepresentrequires.Almostasinstinctivelyasthebeastsofthefield,theyseekthesatisfactionoftheneedsofthemoment,withoutmuchforethought,andwithoutconsideringthatbysufficienteffortthewholecondit

7、ionsoftheirlivescouldbechanged.Acertainpercentage,guidedbypersonalambition,maketheeffortofthoughtandwillwhichisnecessarytoplacethemselvesamongthemorefortunatemembersofthecommunity;butveryfewamongtheseareseriouslyconcernedtosecureforalltheadvantageswhichtheyseekforthe

8、mselves.Itisonlyafewrareandexceptionalmenwhohavethatkindoflovetowardmankindatlargethatmakesthem2PROPOSEDROADSTOFREEDOMunabletoendur

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