资源描述：
《PROPOSED ROADS TO FREEDOM(通往自由之路) 》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、PROPOSEDROADSTOFREEDOMPROPOSEDROADSTOFREEDOMBYBERTRANDRUSSELL,F.R.S.1PROPOSEDROADSTOFREEDOMINTRODUCTIONTHEattempttoconceiveimaginativelyabetterorderingofhumansocietythanthedestructiveandcruelchaosinwhichmankindhashithertoexistedisbynomeansmodern:itisatleastasoldasPla
2、to,whose``Republic''setthemodelfortheUtopiasofsubsequentphilosophers.Whoevercontemplatestheworldinthelightofanideal--whetherwhatheseeksbeintellect,orart,orlove,orsimplehappiness,oralltogether--mustfeelagreatsorrowintheevilsthatmenneedlesslyallowtocontinue,and--ifhebe
3、amanofforceandvitalenergy--anurgentdesiretoleadmentotherealizationofthegoodwhichinspireshiscreativevision.ItisthisdesirewhichhasbeentheprimaryforcemovingthepioneersofSocialismandAnarchism,asitmovedtheinventorsofidealcommonwealthsinthepast.Inthisthereisnothingnew.What
4、isnewinSocialismandAnarchism,isthatcloserelationoftheidealtothepresentsufferingsofmen,whichhasenabledpowerfulpoliticalmovementstogrowoutofthehopesofsolitarythinkers.ItisthisthatmakesSocialismandAnarchismimportant,anditisthisthatmakesthemdangeroustothosewhobatten,cons
5、ciouslyorunconsciouslyupontheevilsofourpresentorderofsociety.Thegreatmajorityofmenandwomen,inordinarytimes,passthroughlifewithoutevercontemplatingorcriticising,asawhole,eithertheirownconditionsorthoseoftheworldatlarge.Theyfindthemselvesbornintoacertainplaceinsociety,
6、andtheyacceptwhateachdaybringsforth,withoutanyeffortofthoughtbeyondwhattheimmediatepresentrequires.Almostasinstinctivelyasthebeastsofthefield,theyseekthesatisfactionoftheneedsofthemoment,withoutmuchforethought,andwithoutconsideringthatbysufficienteffortthewholecondit
7、ionsoftheirlivescouldbechanged.Acertainpercentage,guidedbypersonalambition,maketheeffortofthoughtandwillwhichisnecessarytoplacethemselvesamongthemorefortunatemembersofthecommunity;butveryfewamongtheseareseriouslyconcernedtosecureforalltheadvantageswhichtheyseekforthe
8、mselves.Itisonlyafewrareandexceptionalmenwhohavethatkindoflovetowardmankindatlargethatmakesthem2PROPOSEDROADSTOFREEDOMunabletoendur
