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ID:33606584
大小:1.43 MB
页数:55页
时间:2018-05-23
《生长发育和小儿喂养(年制)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter2GrowthandDevelopment1definitionGrowthanddevelopmentrepresentsamatureprocessfromzygote(受精卵)toadult.Actuallyithavebeenstretchedtolifeend.Soitiscontinousinteractionofbiologicprocessesandenvironmentalfactorsthatareinitiatedatconceptionandterminateatdeath.2g
2、rowthGrowthimpliesaphysicalchange.Aquantitychange,relatedmeasurevalue.Morphologicalgrowth,serveasindicatorofdevelopment.3developmentDevelopmentstandsfordifferentiationandmaturationoffunctions.Aqualitychange.Quantityaccumulatingtoadegreeimplyaqualitychange.4Deve
3、lopmentDevelopmentsuggestsachangeormodificationincapacitytofunction.Changeofquality.quantityqualitygrowthdevelopment5lawofgrowthanddevelopmentIt’sacontinuousandstageprocessThere’rediversespeedinthedevelopmentamongdifferentsystems.Generallawofgrowthanddevelopmen
4、tThereareobviousindividualdifferenceofgrowthanddevelopment.6FactorsinfluencinggrowthanddevelopmentHeredityprenatalenvironmentPostnatalenvironmentEndocrinesystem/5endEukrain/NutritionDisease7GrowthanddevelopmentindexWeightStatusstandingheightsittingheightHeadcir
5、cumferenceChestcircumferenceUpperarmcircumferenceProportionofbody81.PhysicalgrowthWeight3Kg(birth)→+600~750g(1m)→+800~1000g(1~3m)→600~800g(3~6m)700g/m→250~300g(6~9m)→200~250g(9~12m)9k250g/m9(1)Weight:birthweight=3kg.<6mo.=3(Birthweight)+mo.×0.7kg;7th~12thmo.=6(
6、kg)+mo.×0.25kg;2nd~12thyr.=yr.×2+7(or8kg)10Growthspeedismuchslowerafter2thyear.Untilthe2thsurge,itincreasesagain.(2)Height/length:50cm(birth)→2.5cm/m(<6m)→1~1.5cm(>6m~1y)→75cm(1y)+25cm11Height/length:birth=50cm;1styr.=75cm;2nd~12thyr.=yr.×7+70cm.1213(3)Headcir
7、cumference:birth=34cm;1styr.=46cm;2ndyr.=48cm.5yr.=50cm15yr.=54cm1415microcephaly1617hydrocephalus18(4)Chestcircumference:birth=32cm;1yr.=46cm=headsize;>2yr,chestsize=Headsize+yr-1.192.Skeletaldevelopment(1)Cranium:Anteriorfontanelclosedtime:1st~1.5thyr.;Poster
8、iorfontanelclosedtime:4t~6thwk.20(2)Spinalcolumn:threecurves,formedtime:1stcurve:cervicalvertebra,forward,3rdmo.;2ndcurve:thoracicvertebra,backward,6thmo.;3rdcurve:lumbarver
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