生长发育和小儿喂养(年制)

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1、Chapter2GrowthandDevelopment1definitionGrowthanddevelopmentrepresentsamatureprocessfromzygote(受精卵)toadult.Actuallyithavebeenstretchedtolifeend.Soitiscontinousinteractionofbiologicprocessesandenvironmentalfactorsthatareinitiatedatconceptionandterminateatdeath.2g

2、rowthGrowthimpliesaphysicalchange.Aquantitychange,relatedmeasurevalue.Morphologicalgrowth,serveasindicatorofdevelopment.3developmentDevelopmentstandsfordifferentiationandmaturationoffunctions.Aqualitychange.Quantityaccumulatingtoadegreeimplyaqualitychange.4Deve

3、lopmentDevelopmentsuggestsachangeormodificationincapacitytofunction.Changeofquality.quantityqualitygrowthdevelopment5lawofgrowthanddevelopmentIt’sacontinuousandstageprocessThere’rediversespeedinthedevelopmentamongdifferentsystems.Generallawofgrowthanddevelopmen

4、tThereareobviousindividualdifferenceofgrowthanddevelopment.6FactorsinfluencinggrowthanddevelopmentHeredityprenatalenvironmentPostnatalenvironmentEndocrinesystem/5endEukrain/NutritionDisease7GrowthanddevelopmentindexWeightStatusstandingheightsittingheightHeadcir

5、cumferenceChestcircumferenceUpperarmcircumferenceProportionofbody81.PhysicalgrowthWeight3Kg(birth)→＋600~750g（1m）→＋800~1000g(1~3m)→600~800g（3~6m）700g/m→250~300g（6~9m）→200~250g(9~12m)9k250g/m9(1)Weight:birthweight＝3kg.＜6mo.＝3(Birthweight)＋mo.×0.7kg;7th~12thmo.＝6(

6、kg)＋mo.×0.25kg;2nd~12thyr.＝yr.×2＋7(or8kg)10Growthspeedismuchslowerafter2thyear.Untilthe2thsurge,itincreasesagain.(2)Height/length:50cm(birth)→2.5cm/m(＜6m)→1~1.5cm(＞6m~1y)→75cm(1y)＋25cm11Height/length:birth＝50cm;1styr.＝75cm;2nd~12thyr.＝yr.×7＋70cm.1213(3)Headcir

7、cumference:birth＝34cm;1styr.＝46cm;2ndyr.＝48cm.5yr.=50cm15yr.=54cm1415microcephaly1617hydrocephalus18(4)Chestcircumference:birth＝32cm;1yr.＝46cm=headsize;>2yr，chestsize=Headsize+yr-1.192.Skeletaldevelopment(1)Cranium:Anteriorfontanelclosedtime:1st~1.5thyr.;Poster

8、iorfontanelclosedtime:4t~6thwk.20(2)Spinalcolumn:threecurves,formedtime:1stcurve:cervicalvertebra,forward,3rdmo.;2ndcurve:thoracicvertebra,backward,6thmo.;3rdcurve:lumbarver