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1、常减压精憎塔的性能测定与优化设计摘要精憾之所以是液体混合物得到较完全的分离,关键在于回流作用。回流包括塔顶浓度易挥发组分液体和塔底高浓度难挥发组分蒸气两者返回塔中。汽液回流形成了逆流相接的汽液两相,从而在塔的两端分别得到相当纯净的单组分产品。塔顶回入塔的液体量与塔顶产品量之比,称为回流比,它是精憾操作的一个重要控制参数,它的变化影响精惚操作的分离效果和能耗。因此以节能降耗、中间换热节能、充分利用过程能量、产品质量等方面来对精憎过程的整体优化和精憎塔的具体优化,来达到精憾塔的性能和产品质量。精憾过程的实质是迫使混合物的气、液两相在塔
2、体中作逆向流动,利用混合液中各组分具有不同的挥发度,在相互接触的过程中,液相中的轻组分转入气相,而气相中的重组分则逐渐进入液相从而实现液体混合物的分离,因此,精惚塔操作弹性的好坏直接关系到石油化工企业的经济效益。关键词:精憾;常减压精憾;性能测定;节能;优化设计;AbstractThereasonisthedistillationofliquidmixturestobemorecompleteseparation,thekeyisbackrole.Returntotopoftower,includingtheconcentrati
3、onofvolatilecomponentliquidandbottomhighconcentrationofvolatilecomponentliquidandbottomhighconcentrationofvolatilecomponentsinthevaporbetweenthetworeturntothetower.Backtoformacounter-cuiTentvapor-liquid-phasevapor-liquidtwo-phase,whichendsinthetowerweretobeverypuresin
4、gle-componentproducts.Topofthetowerbackintothetowerandthetowerofliquidvolumeratioofamountofproduct,knownasrefluxratio,whichisthedistillationoperationisanimportantcontrolparameter,whichchangetheseparationdistillationoperationandenergyconsumption.Therefore,energyconsump
5、tion,intermediateheatexchangerenergy,fulluseofprocessenergy,productqualityandotheraspectstotheoveralloptimizationofthedistillationprocessanddistillationofthespecificoptimizationofdistillationtoachievetheperformanceandproductquality.Distillationprocessisessentiallyforc
6、ingthemixtureofgasandliquidtwo-phasebodyofthetowerforthereverseflow,theuseofthecomponentsinthemixturehavedifferentvolatility,incontactwitheachotherintheprocessoftransferoflightcomponentsintheliquidphaseintothegasphase,andtherestructuringofthegasphaseintotheliquidgradu
7、allysub-liquidmixturesinordertoachievetheseparation,therefore,distillationoperationflexibilityisdirectlyrelatedtotheeconomicbenefitsofoilandchemicalcompanies.Keywords:Distillation;Atmosphericandvacuumdistillation;Performancemeasurements;Energysaving;Optimizationdesign
8、;目录MS第一章国内外精馅研究进展和发展趋势6(-)精憾方法61.1恒沸精馅1.2萃取精馅61-3反应(催化)精馆91.4抽提精馅91-5热泵精馅91.6精密精馆101-7超重力精馆101.8膜精馆11非常规条件下精馅11(二)精馅原理12第二章常