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1、动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解详细内容⒈不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如: Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: ①It+be+名词+todo It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold. ②Ittakessb+sometime+todo Howlongdidittake
2、youtofinishthework? ③It+be+形容词+forsb+todo Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour. ④It+be+形容词+ofsb+todo Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays. ⑤Itseems(appears)+形容词+todo Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney. 在句型
3、③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sbis+形容词+todo句式,如:It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=Youarekindtoh
4、elpmewithmyEnglish. ⒉动名词作主语 Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood. 动名词作主语时,也常用It句式。如: ①It's+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doing… It'snogoodreadingindimlight. It'snousesittingherewaiting. ②It's+形容词+doing It'sdangerousswimmingintheseainwi
5、ndydays. 这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等,但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式代替,如:It'simportantforyoutokeepfit. ③Thereisno+doing Thereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext. 在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It'simpossibleto…"结构。 ⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执
6、行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如: It'snogoodeatingtoomuchfat. It'snogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat. ②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如: It'snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules. 二、作宾语 ⒈不定式作宾语 ①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,ch
7、oose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句。如: Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback. IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback. Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.
8、 Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot. ②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+todo句式。如: Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell. Hefe