[大英百科全书指南丛书].The.Britannica.Guide.to.Plate.Tectonics,Volcanoes,and.Earthquakes

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1、ISBN978-1-61530-106-5Publishedin2011byBritannicaEducationalPublishing(atrademarkofEncyclopædiaBritannica,Inc.)inassociationwithRosenEducationalServices,LLC29East21stStreet,NewYork,NY10010.Copyright©2011EncyclopædiaBritannica,Inc.Britannica,EncyclopædiaBri

2、tannica,andtheThistlelogoareregisteredtrademarksofEncyclopædiaBritannica,Inc.Allrightsreserved.RosenEducationalServicesmaterialscopyright©2011RosenEducationalServices,LLC.Allrightsreserved.DistributedexclusivelybyRosenEducationalServices.Foralistingofaddi

3、tionalBritannicaEducationalPublishingtitles,calltollfree(800)237-9932.FirstEditionBritannicaEducationalPublishingMichaelI.Levy:ExecutiveEditorJ.E.Luebering:SeniorManagerMarilynL.Barton:SeniorCoordinator,ProductionControlStevenBosco:Director,EditorialTechn

4、ologiesLisaS.Braucher:SeniorProducerandDataEditorYvetteCharboneau:SeniorCopyEditorKathyNakamura:Manager,MediaAcquisitionJohnP.Rafferty:AssociateEditor,EarthSciencesRosenEducationalServicesAlexandraHanson-Harding:EditorNelsonSá:ArtDirectorCindyReiman:Photo

5、graphyManagerNicoleRusso:DesignerMatthewCauli:CoverDesignIntroductionbyThereseSheaLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataPlatetectonics,volcanoes,andearthquakes/editedbyJohnP.Rafferty.p.cm.—(DynamicEarth)“InassociationwithBritannicaEducationalPubli

6、shing,RosenEducationalServices.”Includesindex.ISBN978-1-61530-187-4(eBook)1.Platetectonics.2.Volcanoes.3.Earthquakes.4.Geodynamics.I.Rafferty,JohnP.QE511.4.P5852010551.8—dc222009042303Cover,pp.12,82,302©www.istockphoto.com/JulienGrondin;p.22©www.istockpho

7、to.com/ÁrniTorfason;pp.23,307©www.istockphoto.com;pp.202,305©www.istockphoto.com/YaliShi24CONTENTSIntroduction12Chapter1:Earth’sDynamicInterior23TheProcessofPlateTectonics24PrinciplesofPlateTectonics2629ContinentalandOceanicCrust27PlateBoundaries28HotSpot

8、s38PlateMotion40TheDevelopmentofTectonicTheory42ThePrecursorsofModernThinking43AlfredWegenerandtheConceptofContinentalDrift4437TheRenewedInterestinContinentalDrift48TowardaUnifyingTheory54DissentingOpinionsandUnansw