【7A文】Factors Affecting Water Injectivity—Waterflood Enhanced Recovery.pptx

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1、FactorsAffectingWaterInjectivity——waterfloodenhancedrecoverysummaryBackgroundKey/SolutionProblem/Consideration——Waterfloodinghasalengthyhistoryofapplicationinthepetroleumindustry.——Injectivitydecline——Theinjectionratesummarysummarypurposeofwaterflooding:

2、restoretheformationpressureImprovetheefficiencyoffloodingStabilizethecapacityofproductionwellsummarytubinginjectionannuluswaterinjectioncommingledwaterinjectionseparatedlayerwaterfloodingseveralmethodsofwaterflooding:summaryFactorsAffectingWaterInjectivi

3、tySandProductionScalesSuspendedSolidsFluidCompatibilityWaxPrecipitationThermalStressEffectsColdWaterInjectionSandProductionInpoorlyconsolidatedreservoirs,sandfailureproblemsmaycausesevereoperationaldifficulties.ScalesScaleformationisafamiliarproblemforoi

4、lfieldengineersanditisoftencausedbythemixingoftwoormorebrines.scalesthatblockupthepipeSuspendedSolidsThewaterquality,usuallymeasuredbyitscontentofsuspendedsolids,hasbeenanimportantcriterioninthedesignofacosteffectivewaterfloodingprojectregardlessofseawat

5、erinjectionorproducedwaterre-injection.WaxPrecipitationThetemperaturearoundwaterinjectors,maydropbelowcrudeoil’scloudpointbecauseofcoldwaterinjection,whichleadstowaxprecipitation.Waxprecipitationwillimpairinjectivity.FluidCompatibilityInsomewaterflooding

6、projects,freshwaterneedstobeinjectedintosubsurfaceformationswhensuitablebrinewaterisnotavailableortoocostly.Inthiscase,ifthereservoirrockscontaininterstitialclaywhichswellsanddispersesintheinjectedfreshwater,thewellinjectivitywilldeclinebecauseofpermeabi

7、lityimpairment.ThermalStressEffectsWhencoldwaterisinjectedintosubsurfacereservoirs,thereservoirrockwillbecooledbyinjectedcoldwater,whichcancausethenearwellborerocktoshrinkawayfromhotsurroundingrocks.Therefore,theinjectionofcoldwatercaninducethermalstress

8、esinthenearwellboreregionandcreatenewfractures.ColdWaterInjectionTheformingofacoldwaterbankaroundaninjectorcanimpairinjectionperformanceduetotheimpactoftemperatureonwaterviscosityanditwouldalsoleadtoahigherskin.ConclusionT