[大英百科全书指南丛书].The.Britannica.Guide.to.Explorers.and.Explorations.that.Changed.the.Modern.World

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1、Publishedin2010byBritannicaEducationalPublishing(atrademarkofEncyclopædiaBritannica,Inc.)inassociationwithRosenEducationalServices,LLC29East21stStreet,NewYork,NY10010.Copyright©2010EncyclopædiaBritannica,Inc.Britannica,EncyclopædiaBritannica,andtheTh

2、istlelogoareregisteredtrademarksofEncyclopædiaBritannica,Inc.Allrightsreserved.RosenEducationalServicesmaterialscopyright©2010RosenEducationalServices,LLC.Allrightsreserved.DistributedexclusivelybyRosenEducationalServices.ForalistingofadditionalBrita

3、nnicaEducationalPublishingtitles,calltollfree(800)237-9932.FirstEditionBritannicaEducationalPublishingMichaelI.Levy:ExecutiveEditorMarilynL.Barton:SeniorCoordinator,ProductionControlStevenBosco:Director,EditorialTechnologiesLisaS.Braucher:SeniorProdu

4、cerandDataEditorYvetteCharboneau:SeniorCopyEditorKathyNakamura:Manager,MediaAcquisitionKennethPletcher:SeniorEditor,GeographyandHistoryRosenEducationalServicesJeanneNagle:SeniorEditorNelsonSá:ArtDirectorMatthewCauli:DesignerIntroductionbyJeriFreedman

5、LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataTheBritannicaguidetoexplorersandexplorationsthatchangedthemodernworld/editedbyKennethPletcher.p.cm.—(Turningpointsinhistory)“InassociationwithBritannicaEducationalPublishing,RosenEducationalServices.”ISBN

6、978-1-61530-065-5(eBook)1.Discoveriesingeography—History.2.Explorers—History.3.Explorers—Biography.I.Pletcher,Larry,1946–G80.B852010910.9—dc222009037672Cover©www.istockphoto.com/HeidiKristensen.CONTENTSIntroduction12Chapter1:EarlyExplorers21Explorati

7、onoftheAtlanticCoastlines22Hanno23Pytheas24EriktheRed25LiefErikssontheLucky26Vinland27PersianandRomanExplorations29PillarsofHeracles30East-WestContactinEurasia32TravelsofIbnBattu¯tah33···TravelsofMarcoPolo39SilkRoad42ZhengHe45Chapter2:TheAgeofDiscove

8、ry48TheSeaRouteEastbySouthtoCathay50BartolomeuDiasandtheCapeofGoodHope51VascodaGamaandtheRoutetoIndia53TheFirstVoyage54TheSecondVoyage56TheThirdVoyage57Columbus’sVoyagestotheNewWorld58PreparationfortheFirstVoyage59TheFirstVoyage61TheSecondandThirdVoy