英国 文学 伊丽莎白时期戏剧

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1、TheEarlyModernPeriod（15th-mid17thcentury）EnglishRenaissance（1）(16th—mid17thcentury)HistoricalbackgroundSocially“”TheHundredYears”War(1337-1453)betweenFranceandEngland;themysteriousJoanofArcHistoricalbackgroundSocially2.TheWarsoftheRoses(1455-1485)betweenthehouse

2、sofYork(whiteroseemblem)andLancaster(redrose)forpossessionofthethrone;HistoricalbackgroundSocially3.Theparliamenttheurbancraftsmenandsmallbusinessmenastrongsourceofeconomicaidtothekings;theHouseofCommonsasrepresentativesfromthecountiesandboroughswhilethenobiliti

3、esretainedtheirpositionintheHouseofLordsHistoricalbackgroundSocially4.Agricultural→manufacturing+tradeLandEnclosure圈地运动;HistoricalbackgroundSocially5.DiscoveryandexpansionVirginiacoast,EastIndiescompany,seapiracy,newmarketsforeigntrade;newriches,newadventuresgav

4、epeopleboundlesshopeandconfidence,esp.underthereignofElizabethI(1558-1603)HistoricalbackgroundSocially6.GreatsocialmobilityasaresultofthemoneyedeconomyHistoricalbackgroundSocially7.RoyaltytheTudors:HenryVIIunifiedEngland（notScotlandandIreland）HenryVIII(1509-1547

5、)Mary(1553-1558)Elizabeth(1558-1603)HistoricalbackgroundSocially7.RoyaltytheStuarts:JamesI(1603-1685)JamesII(1685-1688)WilliamandMary(1688-1702)HistoricalbackgroundIdeologically1.Copernicus(1473-1543,Polishastronomer)andGermanJohannesKepler’sdiscoveryofthecenter

6、oftheuniverse(heliocentric,notEarth,EcirclesaroundtheSun)ItalianGalileo’s(1564-1642)gravitationalforce,discoveryofJupiter’ssatellites,Moon’smountainousnature,etc.HistoricalbackgroundIdeologically2.Renaissance:Arevivalorrebirthoftheartisticandscientificrevivalwhi

7、choriginatedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandwhichinfluencedtherestofEuropeinagreatvarietyofwaysinthenexttwocenturies.Broadly,itistypifiedHistoricalbackgroundbythespreadofhumanismwhichwasfoundintheclassicworksofGreekandRomanculture.Againstthemedievalfeudalvalueandblind

8、faithinafter-life,thehumanistsbelievedinman’scapabilityofselfperfectionandemphasizedtheimportanceofpersonalworthandthejoyofthepresentlife.HistoricalbackgroundIdeologi