education and women’s empowerment re-examining the

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1、eCommons@AKUInstituteforEducationalDevelopment,KarachiInstituteforEducationalDevelopmentJanuary2007Educationandwomen’sempowerment:Re-examiningtherelationshipDilshadAshrafAgaKhanUniversity,InstituteforEducationalDevelopment,KarachiIffatFarahAgaKhanUniversity,InstituteforEducationa

2、lDevelopment,KarachiFollowthisandadditionalworksat:http://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_ied_pdckRecommendedCitationAshraf,D.,Farah,I.(2007).Educationandwomen’sempowerment:Re-examiningtherelationship.Education,GenderandEmpowerment:PerspectivesfromSouthAsia,15-31.Availableat:http://eco

3、mmons.aku.edu/pakistan_ied_pdck/97Education,GenderandEmpowerment:PerspectivesfromSouthAsiaEducationandWomen’sEmpowerment:Re-ExaminingtheRelationshipDilshadAshrafandIffatFarahThegoalofempoweringindividualsandcommunitiesshapesanddirectsdevelopmentdiscourseincontemporarysocieties.Wh

4、iletheconceptofempowermentiswidelyused,ithasvariousinterpretationsinliterature.Patel(1996)perceivesempowermentasbothameansandanend,aprocessandtheresultofaprocess.Batliwala(1994)explainsembeddednessof‘power’withintheconceptofempowerment,whichmeanscontroloverresourcessuchasmaterial

5、assets,intellectualresourcesandideology.So,empowermentismanifestedasaredistributionofpower,whetherbetweennations,classes,castes,genders,orindividuals(Batliwala,1994).Gainingmoredecision-makingcapacity,deepeninganunderstandingofrelations,configuringone’slifeandcontrollingcondition

6、saffectingone’slifearerecognizedasthevariousdimensionsofempowerment(WaltersandManicom,1996).Inabroadsense,empowermentisaprocessthathelpsindividualsorcommunitiestoassertcontroloverfactorsthataffecttheirlives(Gibson,1991).‘Autonomy’isusedasanalternateexpressionforempowerment,whichd

7、enotesone’sabilitytodecideandactwithoutanyexternalpressureandcontrol–apparentlysynonymousforempowerment.Patel(1996)perceiveswomen’sempowermentasaprocessofconfrontingpatriarchy,whichmustleadtotheendofwomen’ssubordination.Similarly,Batliwala(1994)assertsthatthegoalsofwomen’sempower

8、mentaretochallengepatriarchalideology(ma