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1、Retrenchment,expansion,andthetransformationofMexicansocialprotectionpoliciesMichelleDionAssistantProfessorSamNunnSchoolofInternationalAffairsGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyAtlanta,GA30332-0610mdion@gatech.eduABSTRACT:SocialprotectionpoliciesinMexicohavebeentra
2、nsformedsince1988throughpartialretrenchmentofsocialinsuranceandsignificantexpansionoftargetedormeans-testedsocialassistance.Thesechangesreflectasubstantialre-definitionofsocialprotectionthroughincrementalchangesinpolicy.Thechangesreflecttheabandonmentoftheg
3、oalofdevelopinganemployment-based,universalwelfareregime,whichhadbeenpursuedbyMexicangovernmentsaslateasthe1970s.Instead,recentadministrationshavemovedtowardtheredefinitionofMexico'swelfareregimeintoaresidual,mean-testedmodelwithsignificantprivateprovisiono
4、fbenefitsandservices.ThisshiftinsocialprotectionisconsistentwiththechangeinMexico’soveralleconomicdevelopmentstrategyandincreasingpoliticalcompetitionintheprocessofdemocratization.KEYWORDS:socialprotection,socialassistance,socialinsurance,MexicoPublishedinS
5、ocialPolicy&Administration,42,4(August2008):434–450.IntroductionThroughoutLatinAmerica,themoreeconomicallyadvancedcountriesdevelopedextensivesocialinsuranceinstitutionsthroughoutthetwentiethcentury.Usually,socialinsurancewasanintegralpartoftheimportsubstitu
6、tionindustrialization(ISI)developmentmodelpursuedbygovernments.Inmanycountries,includinginMexico,Brazil,andArgentina,socialinsurancewasalsousedbypopulistpoliticiansorpoliticalpartiestosecurethesupportoftheorganizedworkingclass.Rapideconomiccollapseinthe1980
7、sfollowedbyeconomicrestructuringinthe1990snotonlyledtothereplacementofISIwitheconomicneoliberalismbutalsochangedtheunderlyingstructureofthelabormarketandbroughtnewpressurestobearonsocialinsurance.Inresponsetochangesintheeconomicandpoliticalcontext,manyLatin
8、Americangovernmentsinthe1990sconsideredorimplementedsocialinsurancereformsandsometimesexpandedtheuseofsocialassistanceasasafetynetforthoseeconomicallydisplacedbyneoliberalreforms.Thepatternofsocialprot
