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1、1套类零件的加工一、概述1.套类零件的功用与结构特点套类零件是机械加工中经常碰到的一类零件,它的应用范围很广。例如:支承旋转轴的各种形式的轴承、夹具上的导套、内燃机上的气缸套、液压系统中的油缸、飞机操纵系统中用于固定连结的各种套等,常见类型如图7—4所示。图6—4套类零件套类零件,通常起支承或导向作用。由于功用不同,套类零件的结构和尺寸有着很大的差别,但在结构上仍有共同的特点:零件的主要表面为同轴度要求较高的内、外旋转表面;零件壁的厚度较薄易变形;零件的长度一般大于直径等。2.套类零件的材料套类零件一般是用钢、铸铁、青铜或黄铜等材料制成。有些滑动轴承采用双金属结构,即用离心铸造法在
2、钢或铸铁套的内壁上浇注巴氏合金等轴承合金材料,这样既可节省贵重的有色金属,又能提高轴承的寿命。对于一些强度和硬度要求较高的套筒(如镗床主轴套、伺服阀套),可选用优质合金钢:38CrMoAlA、18CrNiWA、30CrMoSiNi2A、QAL10-3-1.5。3.套类零件的毛坯套类零件的毛坯与其材料、结构和尺寸等因素有关。孔径较小(如d﹤20mm)的套类零件一般选择热轧或冷拉棒料,也可采用实心铸件。孔径较大时,常采用无缝钢管或带孔的铸件和锻件。大量生产时可采用冷挤压和粉末冶金等先进的毛坯制造工艺,既能提高生产率又能节约金属材料。对于图7—6所示零件的材料为45号钢,根据设计要求毛坯
3、选择为模锻件,毛坯图如图7—5所示。Atpresent,wewouldliketotaketheopportunityofmaintainingpartymember'sprogressivenesseducationactivity,tostrengthenandimprovetheOfficeitself.First,tostrengthenideologicalbuilding,forgebasicquality.Ideologyconstructionistheimportantcontentoftheconstructionofthecontingentofcadres.
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