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1、78GettingsupplychainsoftwarerightKishoreKanakamedala,GlennRamsdell,andVatsSrivatsanAstudyofearlyadoptersofsupply-chain-managementsoftwareshowsthatitworksbestwhereitisneededmost—butisnouseasabandageoverflawedprocesses.verthepastdecade,companieshaveinvestedheavilyinwiringtheir
2、supplychainswithsoftwaredesignedtomanageinformationflowsamongtheirinternaloperations,suppliers,andcustomers.From1999to2002,vendorssoldmorethan$15billioninsupply-chain-managementsoftwarelicenses—thefirststepinaprocess.Andthatfiguredoesn’tincludethecostoftheexpensiveinstallation
3、andmaintenancecontractstocome.Thesoftwareanditsdevelopers—companies,suchasSAPandOracle,thatsellapplicationsforresourceplanning,aswellassupplychainspecialistssuchasAriba,i2Technologies,andManugistics—haveattractedattentionbecausethesoftwarepromisestotrackandpredictcustomerde
4、mandand,asaconsequence,toadjusttheflowofgoodsmoreprecisely.Whensupply-chain-managementsoftwareworks,itcanhelpcutinventorylevels,improvedeliveryschedules,andensurethatsupplymeetsdemand—allofwhichshouldmakecustomersmoresatisfied.Onesupplychainexecutivecallsthesoftwareoxygenforh
5、isbusiness.Buttheresultshavebeenmixed.Somecompanies(includingDellComputerandWal-Mart)haveharnessedthepowerofthistechnologytoimprovetheirsupplychainsor,incertaincases,totransformtheirbusinessmodels.Othershaverunintotrouble,somepubliclyacknowledgingthattheyhavespenthundredsof
6、millionsofdollarswithnoimpact.OBILLYJONES80THEMcKINSEYQUARTERLY2003NUMBER1GoodsupplychainmanagementisfundamentalAsupplychain,simplystated,comprisestheflowofacompany’sproducts,informationaboutthem,andthemoneythatchangeshandsbetweenthecompanyanditssuppliersandcustomers.Whenac
7、ompanymanagestheprocessesthatsupporttheseflowswell,itcanfillordersfromcustomersquicklyyetkeepitsinventorytoabareminimum.Whenitdoesn’t,thesupplychainbreaksdown.Customersplaceordersbuthearthattheprod-uctsareoutofstock,evenwhentheymightbeavailablesomewhereinthecompany.Rawmateria
8、lsfailtoshowuponloadingdocks,andshipmentstocustomersarrivelate.Factoriesrunbelowca
