水利水电工程专业外文翻译--边坡稳定性

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1、外文原文StabilityofSlopes1.1IntroductionGravitationalandseepageforcestendtocauseinstabilityinnaturalslopes,inslopesofembankmentsandearthdams.ThemostimportanttypesofslopefailurearcillustratedinFig.1.1.Inrotationalslipstheshapeofthefailuresurfaceinsectionmaybeacircu

2、larareoranon-circularcurve.Ingeneral,circularslipsareassociatedwithhomogeneoussoilconditionsandnon-circularslipswithnon-homogeneousconditions.Translationalandcompoundslipsoccurwheretheformoffailuresurfaceisinfluencedbythepresenceofanadjacentstratumisatarelativ

3、elyshallowdepthbellowthesurfaceoftheslope:thefailuresurfacetendstobeplaneandroughlyparalleltotheslope.Compoundslipsusuallyoccurwheretheadjacentstratumisatgreaterdepth,thefailuresurfaceconsistingofcurvedandplanesections.Figure1.1TypeofslopefailureInpractice,lim

4、itingequilibriummethodsareusedintheanalysisofslopestability.Itisconsideredthatfailureisonthepointofoccurringalonganassumedoraknownfailuresurface.Theshearstrengthrequiredtomaintainaconditionofthelimitingequilibriumiscomparedwiththeavailableshearstrengthofthesoi

5、l,givingtheaveragefactorsafetyalongthefailuresurface.Theproblemisconsideredintwodimensions,conditionsofplanestrainbeingassumed.Ithasbeenshownthattwo-dimensionalanalysisgivesaconservativeresultforafailureonathree-dimensional(dish-shaped)surface.Figure1.2Theu=0a

6、nalysis1.2AnalysisfortheCaseofu=0Theanalysis,intermoftotalstress,coversthecaseofafully-saturatedclayunderundrainedconditions,i.e.fortheconditionimmediatelyafterconstruction.Onlymomentequilibriumisconsideredintheanalysis.Insection,thepotentialfailuresurfaceisas

7、sumedtobeacirclearc.Atrialfailuresurface(centreO,radiusandlengthLa)isshowninFig1.2.Potentialinstabilityisduetothetotalweightofthesoilmass(Wperunitlength)abovethefailuresurface.Forequilibriumtheshearstrengthwhichmustbemobilizedalongthefailuresurfaceisexpresseda

8、s:m==17whereFisthefactorofsafetywithrespecttoshearstrength.EquationmomentaboutO:Wd=LarF=(1.1)Themomentsofanyadditionalforcesmustbetakenintoaccount.Intheeventofatensioncrackdevelopi