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1、英文原文ArtificialIntelligenceAdvancedIdea,AnticipatingIncomparabilityonArtificialIntelligence.Artificialintelligence(AI)isthefieldofengineeringthatbuildssystems,primarilycomputersystems,toperformtasksrequiringintelligence.Thisfieldofresearchhasoftensetitselfambitiousg
2、oals,seekingtobuildmachinesthatcanoutlookhumansinparticulardomainsofskillandknowledge,andhasachievedsomesuccessinthis.ThekeyaspectsofintelligencearoundwhichAIresearchisusuallyfocusedincludeexpertsystem,industrialrobotics,systemsandlanguageslanguageunderstanding,lea
3、rning,andgameplaying,etc.ExpertSystemAnexpertsystemisasetofprogramsthatmanipulateencodedknowledgetosolveproblemsinaspecializeddomainthatnormallyrequireshumanexpertise.Typically,theuserinteractswithanexpertsysteminaconsultationdialogue,justashewouldinteractwithahuma
4、nwhohadsometypeofexpertise,explaininghisproblem,performingsuggestedtests,andaskingquestionsaboutproposedsolutions.Currentexperimentalsystemshaveachievedhighlevelsofperformanceinconsultationtaskslikechemicalandgeologicaldataanalysis,computersystemconfiguration,struc
5、turalengineering,andevenmedicaldiagnosis.Expertsystemscanbeviewedasintermediariesbetweenhumanexperts,whointeractwiththesystemsinknowledgeacquisitionmode,andhumanuserswhointeractwiththesystemsinconsultationmode.Furthermore,muchresearchinthisareaofAIhasfocusedonendow
6、ingthesesystemswiththeabilitytoexplaintheirreasoning,bothtomaketheconsultationmoreacceptabletotheuserandtohelpthehumanexpertfinderrorsinthesystem´sreasoningwhentheyoccur.Herearethefeaturesofexpertsystems:①Expertsystemsuseknowledgeratherthandatatocontrolthesolutionp
7、rocess.②Theknowisencodedandmaintainedasanentityseparatedfromthecontrolprogram.Furthermore,itispossibleinsomecasestousedifferentknowledgebaseswiththesamecontrolprogramstoproducedifferenttypesofexpertsystem.Suchsystemareknownasexpertsystemshells.③Expertsystemsarecapa
8、bleofexplaininghowaparticularconcl-usionisreached,andwhyrequestedinformationisneededduringaconsultation.④Expertsystemsusesymbolicrepresentationsf