thermodynamic potentials and properties热力学势及其性质

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1、ThermodynamicpotentialsandpropertiesThermodynamicpotentialsandproperties1Thermodynamicpotentials.Systemequilibrium2Equationsofstateandthermodynamiccoefficients3Systemstability4Generaldependenceofstatefunctions5ThematerialdataneededbyThermodynamics7Thermodynamicmodelsofsubstances7Perfectliqu

2、idmodel8Incompressibleliquidmodel8Dilatableliquidmodel8Perfectgasmodel9Idealgasmodel9VanderWaalsmodel10VanderWaalsreducedmodel10Redlich-Kwongmodel11Virialexpansionmodel11Correspondingstatesmodel(introduction)11Propertiesofapuresubstanceandtheirgraphicalpresentation.Diagrams12Simplepuresubst

3、ances12Phasediagramsforapuresubstance13Otherthermodynamicdiagrams14Correspondingstatesmodel(analysis)15Correspondingstatesmodelextensiontothreeormoreparameters.Acentricfactor17Typeofproblems18ThermodynamicpotentialsandpropertiesWedealherewithtwothermodynamicsubjectsthatinmostotherpresentati

4、onsareseparatelycovered:'Propertiesofpuresubstances',usuallycoveredattheverybeginningofThermodynamiccourses,andPotentialsor'Generalrelations',usuallycoveredattheveryendofThermodynamiccourses.Inourview,itisbettertodealatthesametimewiththefunctionalstructureofThermodynamic(whichfunctionsarene

5、ededandhowothersrelatetothem)andtheactualmodelsandparticularvaluesforthosefunctions(thematerialpropertiesofselectedsubstances).Ifnot,onemightendwithoutrealisingtheminimumsetofpropertieswhichdefinethethermodynamicbehaviourofasubstance,orthemanyimportantrelationsamongstthem,astherelationbetwe

6、envaporisationenthalpyandvapourpressuredata,therelationbetweenthespeedofsoundanddensitydata,etc.ItmaybearguedthatthecombinedpresentationofPotentialsandPropertiesistoowide,butonemaydoashortcombinedpresentation(evenshorterthanheredone)andleavemostdetailsfordiscussionunderotherheadingstofollow

7、:Phasechanges,Realgases,Mixtures,etc.Briefly,theaimhereistoplaceonacommonfieldthetwoisolatedmodelsofperfectgasesandperfectliquidsthatwehavefreelyused,showinghowonecanmodelanypossiblebehavioursofasubstanceatanystate,primarilyforpuresubstances,butopeningth