introduction to body fluids - fizjologia：介绍了体液- fizjologia

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1、6Title:BodyFluidsTeacher:EdytaMądryMDPhDColl.Anatomicum,ŚwięcickiStreet6,Dept.ofPhysiologyIntroductiontoBodyFluids1.Generalfunctionofwaterinthebody:a)temperatureregulationb)protectivecushionc)lubricantd)reactante)solventf)transport2.Percentageofwaterinthebody.Thepercentageofwaterinthe

2、persondependsontheamountoffattissuewhichhasonlyabout20%watercomparedtothemusclemasswhichhasabout65%ofwater.3.Fluidcompartmentsa)intacellularfluid(ICF)-approximately62%b)extracellularfluid(ECF)-interstitialfluid-approximately30%-plasma-approximately8%4.Compositionofbodyfluidsa)water(so

3、lvent)b)electrolytesc)proteinsd)bloodcells4.MajorionsofECFa)kation-Na+b)anion-Cl–5.MajorionsofICFa)kation-K+b)anion-proteinsandphosphate6.Functionsofelectrolytes-cofactorsforenzymes6-actionpotentialsinneuronsandmusclecells-secretionandactionohormonesandneurotransmitters-musclecontract

4、ion-acid/basebalance-secondaryactivetransport-osmosisWaterHomeostasis1.TotalBodyWater(TBW)–about40L-waterintake(foodanddrink-2300ml;cellmetabolism-200ml;total-2500)-wateroutput(kidneys–1500ml;skin-600ml;lungs-300ml;GItract-100ml;total–2500ml)2.DisturbancesofWaterHomeostasis-hypervolem

5、ia(infusionofisotonici.v.fluid)-hypovolemia(bloodloss)-overhydration(drinkingtoomuchwater)-dehydration(sweating)3.FourPrimaryMechanismsRegulateFluidHomeostasis-ADH-thirstmechanism-aldosterone-sympatheticnervoussystemElectrolytehomeostasisNa+andK+balancearemaintainedbythekidneythrought

6、hehormonealdosterone.1.Rolesofsodiuminthebody(136-145mEq/L):-nerveimpulseconductionandmusclecontraction-regulationofwatermovement(waterfollowssodiumbyosmosis)6Hypernatremia(Na+plasmaconcentrationabove145mEq/L)-symptoms:non-specificsignsofcentralnervoussystemdysfunctionsuchasconfusiona

7、ndlethargy,inseverecasesseizureanddeath.2.Rolesofpotassiuminthebody(3,5-5,1mEq/L):-isresponsibleforintracellularfluidvolume,throughosmosis-playskeyroleinmaintainingrestingmembranepotential,nerveimpulseconduction,musclecontractionandmaintenanceofnormalcardiacrhythm.-playsimportantrolei

8、nacid