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1、THECHEMICALLABORATORYAlaboratoryisabuildingoraroomusedforscientificexperiments,research,testingandthepreparation,onasmallscale,ofdrugs,chemicalsorotherproductsorsubstances.Thechemicallaboratorymaybeusedforteachingpurposes,forroutineanalysis,testingandcontrol,forfundamental(pure)researchorappli
2、edresearch,orasanadjuncttodevelopmentorproductionforindustry.Therearealsospecialisttypesoflaboratories,forexamplethosefornuclearresearch.Thetypicalchemicallaboratoryusuallyconsistsofalargeroomwithaweighing(balance)room,areagentroomandsometimesadarkroom.Thebalanceroomisspeciallyconstructedtobef
3、reefromexternaldisturbances.Thebalancesstandonfirmstoneshelves.Theanalyticalbalanceiskeptinaglasscase.Itisthebasictoolinallquantitativeanalysisandisusedfortheaccurateweighingofsamplesandprecipitates.Thematerialtobeweighedistransportedtoandfromthebalanceroominafilleddissicator.Thereagentroomisu
4、sedforstoringchemicalsandapparatus.Chemicalsarestoredonshelvesinlabelledbottlesandothercontainers.Thelaboratoryitselfisfittedwithbenches,sinks,fumecupboardsorhoods,electricdryingchambersandsteamovens.Distilledwaterisusuallystoredinglasstanksorcontainers.Thelaboratoryusuallyhasfacilitiesforglas
5、sblowing.HeatingisgenerallydonedirectlybytheBunsenburner.Test-tubesareheldabovetheflameinwoodenholdersortongs.Solutionsareheatedinbeakersandflasksonwiregauzesorasbestosboards,supportedbytripods.Solidsareheatedincruciblessupportedbytriangles.Crucibleshavelids.Vesselsandtubesaregenerallyclosedby
6、meansofglassstoppers,rubberbungsorcorks.Materialsarepulverisedbyamechanicalgrinderorbyapestleandmortar.Liquidsarestirredwithaglassrod.Filtrationiscarriedoutbyallowingtheliquidtopercolate(strain)throughafilter,suchasafilterpaperfoldedtofitafilterfunnel.Thefilterpaperisacircularsheetofpaper,whic
7、hhasveryfineporesthroughwhichliquidscanpassbutnotsolids.Whenamixtureisfiltered,theclearliquidwhichcomesthroughthefilterpaperiscalledthefiltrateandwhatisleftonthefilterpaperisknownastheresidue.Samplesofgasesmaybecollectedforexperimentalp
