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1、铁路罐车封头冲压成形探究摘要:为保证某型铁路罐车封头冷冲压成形质量,设计了具有圆形拉延筋、矩形拉延筋和不设置拉延筋3种结构形式的拉延模具型面;使用有限元方法,对3种模具结构形式下封头的冲压成形过程进行模拟分析,对比了封头起皱趋势、成形回弹和料厚变化等模拟结果,并根据仿真结果选择合理的模具结构形式进行了试验.研究结果表明:采用矩形拉延筋进行封头冲压成形,能更有效的避免封头出现起皱、鼓包等成形缺陷,而且成形后回弹量较小;矩形拉延筋模具冲压试验所得封头无成形缺陷,测得封头最小料厚为9.6mm,最大料厚为10.5mm,与模拟结果
2、基本一致;采用矩形拉延筋模具进行该型封头冷冲压成形是有效的.关键词:罐车封头;冷冲压;拉延筋;有限元模拟中图分类号:TG306文献标志码:AStampFormingofHeadsofRailwayTankCarsLUOZhengzhi1,ZENGJing2,HUANGLiebing3,QINShengmou4(1.SchoolofMechanicalEngineering,SouthwestJiaotongUniversity,Chengdu610031,China;2.TractionPowerStateKeyLabo
3、ratory,SouthwestJiaotongUniversity,Chengdu610031,China;3.ResearchCentre,ChongqingBeiBenHeavyDutyTruckCo.Ltd・,Chongqing401329,China;4.ChongqingCISDIEngineeringSupervisionCo.Ltd.,Chongqing400013,China)Abstract:Inordertoensurethecoldstampingqualityofrailwaytankcarhe
4、ads,diesurfaceswiththreedifferenttypesofdrawbeadstructuresatthedieentrance,includingrounddrawbead,rectangulardrawbeadandnodrawbead,weredesignedfortheheadstampingprocess・Then,theheadstampingprocessesforthethreetypesofdieentranceswereSimulatedusingthefiniteelementm
5、ethod.ThesimulationresuItswereanalyzedandcomparedintermsofwrinkles,springback,andthicknessvariation.Onthisbasis,areasonablediestrueturewasselectedandmanufacturedforstampingexperiments.TheresuItshowsthatthedieentrancewithrectangulardrawbeadcouldeffectivelyavoidwri
6、nklesandblowups,andhasasmallerspringback・ThestampingexperimentresuItswiththerectangulardrawbeadindicatethatthestampedheadshasnodefects;theminimumthicknessis9.6mm,andthemaximumthicknessis10.5mm,whichconsistwiththecomputationalresuIts.Therefore,adoptingthediewithre
7、ctangulardrawbeadforcoldstampingofrailwaytankcarheadsiseffective.Keywords:tankcarheads;coldstamping;drawbead;finiteelementSimulation铁路罐车封头是罐体的主要承力部件,其力学性能好坏直接影响铁路罐车的运行安全•为此,罐车封头制造生产过程中,要保证材料壁厚变化合理和材料强度足够•罐车封头由于尺寸大、材料较厚,因此,封头的成形加工一直是罐体成型的难点和重点•目前对封头的成形方法中,常见方法为分瓣式
8、焊接成形、旋压成形和冲压成形•由于铁路罐车运行使用过程中具有特殊力学性能要求和需求量较大的特点,罐车封头加工采用冲压成形的方式更适合其运行可靠性和大批量生产[13]罐车封头冲压成形常用热压工艺和冷压工艺•热压工艺是在高温下进行封头冲压成形,该工艺下材料塑性好,易于成形,但封头表面易产生氧化皮,力学性能降低;受热应力、