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1、TheDesignandEvolutionofC++BjarneStroustrupAT&TBellLaboratoriesMurrayHill,NewJerseyTT•ADDISON-WESLEYPUBLISHINGCOMPANYReading,Massachusetts·MenloPark,California·NewYorkDonMills,Ontario·Wokingham,England·Amsterdam·Bonn•SydneySingapore·Tokyo·Madrid·SanJuan·Milan·ParisLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Pu
2、blicationDataStroustrup,Bjame.TheDesignandEvolutionofC++/BjameStroustrup.p.em.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-201-54330-31.C++(Computerprogramlanguage)I.Title.II.Title:DesignandEvolutionofCplusplus.QA76.73.C153S791994005.13'3-dc2093-50758CIPasAT&TCopyright©1994byAT&TBellLabs.Allri
3、ghtsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.ThisbookwastypesetinTimesRomanandCourierbythea
4、uthor.12345678910-MA-969594PrefaceHewhodoesnotplow,mustwrite.-MartinA.HansenTheACMHOPL-2conferenceontheHistoryofProgrammingLanguagesaskedmetowriteapaperonthehistoryofC++.Thisseemedareasonableideaandabitofanhonor,soIstartedwriting.TogetamorecomprehensiveandbalancedviewofC++'sgrowth,Iaskedafewfrien
5、dsfromtheearlydaysofC++fortheirrecollections.Thatcausednewsofthisprojecttotravelthroughthegrapevine.There,thestorymutated,andonedayIreceivedamessagefromafriendaskingwherehecouldbuymynewbookonthedesignofC++.Thatemailmessageistherealoriginofthisbook.Traditionalbooksaboutprogrammingandprogramminglan
6、guagesexplainwhatalanguageisandhowtouseit.However,manypeoplearealsocuriousaboutwhyalanguageisthewayitisandhowitcametobethatway.ThisbookanswerstheselasttwoquestionsforC++.ItexplainshowC++evolvedfromitsfirstdesigntothelan•guageinusetoday.Itdescribesthekeyproblems,designaims,languageideas,andconstra
7、intsthatshapedC++,andhowtheychangedovertime.Naturally,C++andtheideasaboutdesignandprogrammingthatshapeditdidn'tjustmutatebythemselves.WhatreallyevolvedwastheC++users'understandingoftheirpracticalproblemsandofthetoolsne