国贸复习题型(精华)

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1、国贸考试复习内容一、名词解释（言之成理吧）Internaleconomics内部规模经济：expandingthefirm'sownscaleofproductionraisesitsproductivityandcutitsaveragecostStolper-SamuelsonTheorem斯托珀尔—萨缪尔森定理：AccordingtoH--Otheory,internationaltradeisalmostsuretodividedsocietyintotwogroups:gainers-fro

2、m-tradeandlosers-from-trade,becausechangesinrelativepricesarelikelytoraisetherevenuesofproductionattheexpenseofothers.Externaleconomics外部规模经济：productivitygainsandcostsreductionsthatanindividualfirmreapsfromtheexpansionofotherfirmsinthesameindustryEffect

3、ivetariffrate有效关税保护率：thepercentagechangeinthevalueaddedinanindustrybecauseoftheimpositionofatariffstructurebythecountryratherthantheexistenceoffreetradeOptimaltariff最佳关税：Theoptimumtariffisthatrateoftariffthatmaximizesthenetbenefitresultingfromtheimprove

4、mentinthenation’stermsoftradeagainstthenegativeeffectresultingfromreductioninthevolumeoftrade.Tradecreation贸易创造：Tradecreationtakesplacewhenevereconomicintegrationleadstoashiftinproductoriginfromahigher-resource-costdomesticproducertoalower-resource-cost

5、memberproducer.Suchashiftrepresentsamovementinthedirectionofthefree-tradeallocationofresourcesandhenceispresumablybeneficialforwelfareRybczynshitheorem罗伯津斯基定理：thedevelopmentofanewnaturalresource,mayreducethedevelopmentofotherlinesofproductionLawofcompar

6、ativeAdvantage比较优势:comparativeadvantagecomesfromtherelativedifferenceofproductivitiesbasedontherelativedifferenceoftechnologies.Anationshouldproduceandexportthe17/17commoditiesofcomparativeadvantage,andimportthecommoditiesofcomparativedisadvantage.Terms

7、oftrade贸易条件：theratioofthepriceofitsexportcommoditytothepriceofitsimportcommodityTheLeontiefParadox里昂惕夫之谜：SincetheUnitedStateswasthemostK-abundantnationintheworld,Leontiefin1951usedU.S.datafortheyear1947andexpectedtofindthatitexportedK-intensivecommoditi

8、esandimportedL-intensivecommoditiesTheresultsofLeontief’stestwerestarling.Thatis,theU.S.seemedtoexportL-intensivecommoditiesandimportK-intensivecommodities.ThiswastheoppositeofwhattheH-OmodelpredictedandbecauseknownastheLeontiefP