两汉缪篆、科斗文、史书的研究

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1、摘要，、、““”“”两汉是传世典籍中对书体之名有过专门记载的开始大篆小篆缪篆，’“”、“”、“”、“”隶书鸟虫书草书科斗文等为人们所熟知的书体之名均最早见诸于此期典籍之中。由于两汉典籍中对这些书体之名由来原因或略而不谈或语焉不详，遂引。，发后世对其名实关系等问题的争论同时又因为中国书法以文字为表现载体的特殊，，“”，性书法在六朝之前相当长的历史时期内附庸于小学而存在从而使得有些本指代文字学方面的名物形式经常被后人错误地，当成书体之名来对待对它们进行合理的归位也是研究中国早期书法史所必须解决的问题。“”、“”，本文对历史上争议较大的缪篆科斗文两种书体和常为后人误认为书体“

2、”。，之名的史书进行专题研究在评议已往诸学者对这些问题所持观点的基础上将，，出土实物资料与文献资料相结合并把它们当作一种文化现象放置于时代大环境中重新进行了一番深入细致地考察、论证。本文主要由三部分组成第“”，“”“新莽六书”这一系统之中进行研究。一部分缪篆研究将缪篆放置于“”、“”，“”通过对新莽六书产生的时代背景六书之间的相互比较以及缪字在汉，“”，时所具有的语言学意义等的分析认为缪篆其实质即为西汉之摹印篆是西汉摹，“”“”，，“”。印篆在特殊时代背景下的异名缪篆之缪字表区别有贬意当读为“”，，“”第二部分科斗文研究首先依据传世典籍中的相关记载得出科斗文是由其线条外

3、观形态而得名。然后，以此与先秦手写体和能够反映手写体原貌的出土实、，“”，物资料相对比印证得出科斗笔法是先秦手写体主要笔法这一结论并进而分析了在，这种笔法产生的合理性。上古条件下“”，“”第三部分史书研究通过对最新出土张家山汉墓竹简所载《史律》内容，“”，，。的分析得出史书在西汉初年只能是指《史摘篇》与书体之名无涉进而又、”“”“通过对《汉书》与《论衡》两部出自东汉人之手的典籍中有关善史书能史书，“”，等的记载论证出史书直到东汉末年仍然指的是《史摘篇》没有发生意义与能指的变迁。关键词缪缪篆古文科斗文史摘篇史书，“，“，，朽’’，’“，，“，，‘，，“，，，“”’’，，，

4、，，，，叭您袱们。，，“，，，娜兀’研几，氏，以即助】而，“，，，“、’，气“’，幻以滋，，，研肥】曲研几叭峨“’，办“’，“’，“，，，“，，“谬”“’’，七，，“”“’即谬’，，，“，，别叨而“，，，“，’七一，，厅邓一’“、’一叭厅’盯，】·“’，几七咱“，，。以七，，肋动优少才叭，“’，“’，，幻刃，访未肪赵即，确“，，，’例，而少目录前言·····························································································……··················

5、··················································””第一部分缪篆研究……缪篆一名最早出现的历史认定···················································……·····················································’‘’……”“”””缪篆名实之争评议，缪篆汉摹印篆在特殊时代背景下的异名·································……—第二部分科斗文研究··························

6、···········……’‘·……”’““””·‘……”’‘科斗文与古文、战国简书·························································……科斗文原发历史的当代再现及其本质内涵····································……····························································’”科斗体形成原因另说……第三部分史书研究··················································

7、···……‘’“””””‘”’论据材料的界定·······························································……’‘’《张家山汉墓竹简》所载史书之名实·······································……《汉书》、《论衡》中所载史书之名实·······································……结论·································································