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1、定语从句一、含义1.定语从句：在主从复合句屮，充当主句的定语成分，用于修饰某一名词、代词或名词短语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。在定语从句中代替先行词并充当一定的成分。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语；关系副词有when,where,why等，时间、地点、原因状语。关系词的选择由先行词的意思及先行词在从句中充当的成分决定。定语从句的
2、结构：e.g.(1)JustinBieberisafamoussingerwhosingsthesongBaby.(先行词)(定语从句)(2)ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在定语从句屮作主语或宾语(口语或非正式文体屮，可省略)。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.2.whom指人，在定语从句屮做宾语，可省略。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.3.which指物，在定语
3、从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.4.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时,相当于which,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。Heisthemanthat/wholivesnextdoor.Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorning?、Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.Thedress(that/which)Annboughtdoesn't
4、fitherverywell.1.whose指人、物皆可，在定语从句中做定语，表“某某的”。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.常用以卜结构来代替:Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.=Thehousethewindowsofwhicharebrokenisempty.Wewenttoseeourteacher,whosehusbandlosthislifeintheearthquake・=Wewenttoseeourtea
5、cher、thehusbandofwhomlosthislifeintheearthquake・2.限制性定语从句中,当先行词被such,thesame修饰时,关系代词用as,译作“像一样的人或物”。HewishedtobesuchamanasLeiFengwas.I'veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.注意:thesame...as和thesame...that结构的句意不一样。ThisisthesamebookasIreadlastweek.Thisis(hesamebookthatIreadl
6、astweek.特殊用法：1.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间，此时，指物只能用which,指人只能用whom,关系代词是所有格时用whosecTheschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedten
7、niswithyesterday.=ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.注意：⑴含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。(2)介词的选择：(i)与从句中谓语动词的搭配相关ThisisthebookonwhichIspent10yuan.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid10yuan.(ii)与先行词的搭配相关Iwillneverforgetthetimeduringwhich
8、1spentmychildhoodinthecountry.(iii)与所表达的意义相关Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.(3)“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all
