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1、QUANTUMFIELDTHEORYAModernIntroductionMICHIOKAKUDepartmentofPhysicsCityCollegeoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkNewYorkOxfordOXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESS1993OxfordUniversityPressOxfordNewYorkTorontoDelhiBombayCalcuttaMadrasKarachiKualaLumpurSingaporeHongKongTokyoNairobiDare
2、sSalaamCapeTownMelbourneAucklandMadridandassociatedcompaniesinBerlinIbadanCopyright©1993byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,200MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreservedN
3、opartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,stroedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataKaku,Mich
4、io.Quantumfieldtheory:amodemintroduction/MichioKaku.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-19-5076524ISBN0-19-509158-2(pbk.)I.Quantumfieldtheory.2.Gaugefields(Physics)3.Standardmodel(Nuclearphysics)I.titeQC174.45.K341993530.1'43-dc2O92-2770498765
5、43PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperPrefaceInthe1960s,therewereanumberofclassicbookswrittenonquantumfieldtheory.Becauseofthephenomenalexperimentalsuccessofquantumelectrodynamics(QED),quantumfieldtheorybecamearigorousbodyofphysicalknowledge,asest
6、ablishedasnonrelativisticquantummechanics.Inthe1970sand1980s,becauseofthegrowingsuccessofgaugetheories,itwasclearthatatypical1-yearcourseinquantumfieldtheorywasrapidlybecomingobsolete.Anumberofadvancedbooksappearedonvariousaspectsofgaugetheories,sooftena1-year
7、courseonquantumfieldtheorybecamedisjoint,withonebookonQEDbeingthebasisofthefirstsemesterandoneofseveralbooksonvariousaspectsofgaugetheoriesbeingthebasisofthesecondsemester.Today,becauseofthesuccessoftheStandardModel,itisnecessarytocon-solidateandexpandthetypic
8、al1-yearquantumfieldtheorycourse.Thereisobviouslyaneedforabookforthe1990s,onethatpresentsthismaterialinacoherentfashionandusestheStandardModelasitsfoundationinthesamewaythatearlier