基于绝缘电阻模型电动汽车高压电漏电监测

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1、基于绝缘电阻模型电动汽车高压电漏电监摘要：电动汽车和混合动力汽车的高压系统绝缘性能直接关系到驾驶员和乘客的生命安全。分析了传统的绝缘监测方案方法无法监测车辆全部高压电气系统的原因，提出从整车高压电气系统角度建立的、可以准确描述交直流侧高压电气系统绝缘情况的漏电监测模型，并提出了静态和动态的整车高压电漏电监测方案，理论推导并仿真验证了整车交直流侧高压电气系统的绝缘电阻并联值是判断整车绝缘性能的依据。关键词：整车绝缘监测模型；漏电检测方案；电动汽车中图分类号：U463.2文献标文献标志码：A文献标DOI：10.3969/j.issn.2095-1469.2012.06.06H

2、ybridandelectrievehiclesarebecomingmorecommonasalternativestovehiclespoweredsolelybyinternalcombustionengines.BothhybridandelectrievehiclesemployelectricdrivemotorspoweredbyahighvoltageDCpowersupply.Thebatteryvoltageusedinhybridandelectrievehiclesisthewaybeyondprotectiveextralowvoltage・Th

3、ebatterypackcanproduce300voltsormore.Itismountedonthevehicleinamannerthatelectricallyitisisolatedfromboththevehicle，schassisandthepassengercompartmerit.HighvoltageleakagecurrentflowwouldbringaboutmanyseriouslyresuIts.Forexample,hugeshort-circuitcurrentwillsharplyincreasethetemperatureofth

4、ecircuitwhenthereisashortcircuitinthepowersystem,sothattheinsulationmaterialsareignitedaswellassurroundingcombustiblematerials・Heataccumulationeffectintheleakagecircuitwou1dalsoleadtovehiclefirewhentheinsulationbetweenhighvoltagebusandvehiclechassisisdamagedseriouslyatseveralpoints[l]・Bes

5、ides,althoughtherearemanyrelatedrequirementsaboutinsulationmaterialsandmachineshellsandprotectionmeasuressuchasautomaticshut-offcircuit,interlockfunctionandfuseplug,highvoltageleakageproblemstillhappensinsomecases・Forthesereasonsitisnecessarytomonitortheinsulationperformanceofthehighvolta

6、gesysteminelectricallyassistedorcompletelyelectricallypoweredvehicles,andincaseofdetectingtheleakage,anecessarycountermeasureshouldbeimmediatelytaken.Thehighvoltageleakagemonitoringmethodcommonlyusedinhybridandelectrievehiclesistocalculatetheinsulationresistaneevaluebymeasuringthevoltageb

7、etweentractionbatteryDCbusandvehiclechassis.Fig・1showsthetraditionalbatteryinsulationresistancemodel[1-4]・AccuratemeasurementresuItscanbeobtainedquicklythroughtheabovemethodwhenthemotorcontrollerisdisabled.However,insulationresistancevaluesareunstablewithasignifican