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1、固有思维模式转变为发展思维模式WHYdosomepeoplereachtheircreativepotentialinbusinesswhileotherequallytalentedpeersdon’t?SkiptonextparagraphEnlargeThisImageJamesYangAfterthreedecadesofpainstakingresearch,theStanfordpsychologistCarolDweckbelievesthattheanswertothepuzzleliesinhowpeople
2、thinkaboutintelligenceandtalent.Thosewhobelievetheywerebornwithallthesmartsandgiftsthey’reevergoingtohaveapproachlifewithwhatshecallsa“fixedmind-set.”Thosewhobelievethattheirownabilitiescanexpandovertime,however,livewitha“growthmind-set.”Guesswhichonesprovetobemosti
3、nnovativeovertime.“Societyisobsessedwiththeideaoftalentandgeniusandpeoplewhoare‘naturals’withinnateability,”saysMs.Dweck,whoisknownforresearchthatcrossestheboundariesofpersonal,socialanddevelopmentalpsychology.“Peoplewhobelieveinthepoweroftalenttendnottofulfilltheir
4、potentialbecausethey’resoconcernedwithlookingsmartandnotmakingmistakes.Butpeoplewhobelievethattalentcanbedevelopedaretheoneswhoreallypush,stretch,confronttheirownmistakesandlearnfromthem.”Inthiscase,nurturewinsoutovernaturejustabouteverytime.Whilesomemanagersapplyth
5、eseprincipleseveryday,toomanyothersinsteadbelievethathiringthebestandthebrightestfromtop-flightschoolsguaranteescorporatesuccess.Theproblemisthat,havingbeenidentifiedasgeniuses,theanointedbecomefearfuloffallingfromgrace.“It’shardtomoveforwardcreativelyandespeciallyt
6、ofosterteamworkifeachpersonistryingtolooklikethebiggeststarintheconstellation,”Ms.Dwecksays.Inher2006book,“Mindset:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,”sheshowshowadoptingeitherafixedorgrowthattitudetowardtalentcanprofoundlyaffectallaspectsofaperson’slife,fromparentingandroma
7、nticrelationshipstosuccessatschoolandonthejob.Sheattributesthesuccessofseveralhigh-profilechiefexecutivestotheirgrowthmind-set,citinganabilitytoenergizeaworkforce.TheseincludeJohnF.WelchJr.ofGeneralElectric,whovaluedteamworkoverindividualgenius; LouisV.GerstnerJr.of
8、I.B.M.,whodedicatedhisbookaboutI.B.M.’sturnaroundto“thethousandsofI.B.M.’erswhonevergaveupontheircompany”; andAnneM.MulcahyofXerox,whofocu
