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1、ANATOMYOFCRITICISMFourEssaysAnatomyorCriticismFOURESSAYStyNORTHROPFRYEPRINCETON,NEWJERSEYPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESSCopyright1957,byPrincetonUniversityPressAllReservedRightsL.C.CardNo.56-8380ISBN0-691-01298-9(paperbackedn.)ISBN0-691-06004-5(hardcoveredn.)Publicationofthisbookhasbeenaidedbyag
2、rantfromtheCounciloftheHumanities,PrincetonUniversity,andtheClassof1932Lectureship.FirstPRINCETONPAPERBACKEdition,1971Thirdprinting,1973Tliisbookissoldsubjecttotheconditionthatitshallnot,bywayoftrade,belent,resold,hiredout,orotherwisedisposedofwithoutthepublisher'sconsent,inanyformofbindi
3、ngorcoverotherthanthatinwhichitispublished.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyPrincetonUniversityPress,Princeton,NewJerseyHELENAEUXORIPREFATORYSTATEMENTSANDACKNOWLEDGMENTSTHISbookforceditselfonmewhileIwastryingtowritesomethingelse,anditprobablystillbearsthemarksofthereluctancewithwhichagr
4、eatpartofitwascomposed.AftercompletingastudyofWilliamBlake(FearfulSymmetry,1947),IdeterminedtoapplytheprinciplesofliterarysymbolismandBiblicaltypologywhichIhadlearnedfromBlaketoanotherpoet,preferablyonewhohadtakentheseprinciplesfromthecriticaltheoriesofhisownday,insteadofworkingthemoutbyh
5、imselfasBlakedid.IthereforebeganastudyofSpenser'sFaerieQueene,onlytodiscoverthatinmybeginningwasmyend.TheintroductiontoSpenserbecameanintroductiontothetheoryofallegory,andthattheoryobstinatelyadheredtoamuchlargertheoreticalstructure.Thebasisofargumentbecamemoreandmorediscursive,andlessand
6、lesshistoricalandSpenserian.Isoonfoundmyselfentangledinthosepartsofcriticismthathavetodowithsuchwordsas"myth,""symbol,""ritual,"and"archetype,"andmyeffortstomakesenseofthesewordsinvariouspublishedarticlesmetwithenoughinteresttoencouragemetoproceedfurtheralongtheselines.Eventuallythetheore
7、ticalandthepracticalaspectsofthetaskIhadbeguncompletelyseparated.Whatishereofferedispurecriticaltheory,andtheomissionofallspecificcriticism,even,inthreeofthefourofisdeliberate.Theessays,quotation,presentbookseemstome,sofarasIcanjudgeatpresent,toneedacomplementaryvol
