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1、7A版优质实用文档考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析一Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecisio
2、n.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,thesesenioreGecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise；andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking. Gener
3、ationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasaneGcuseforcapriciousness. Isenberg'srecentresearchon
4、thecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers'intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemeGists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapi
5、dly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-oneGperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha！eG397A版优质实用文档7A版优质实用文档perience.Fou
6、rth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.MostsenioreGecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhi
7、chruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns. One
8、oftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofeGecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting.SincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandeGplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandeGplainl
