考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析5

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析5

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时间:2019-03-24

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1、Text1TheUnitedStatesissaidtohaveamixedeconomybecauseprivatelyownedbusinessesandgovernmentbothplayimportantroles-Indeed,someofthemostenduringdebatesofAmericaneconomichistoryfocusontherelativerolesofthepublicandprivatesectors・TheAmericanfreeenterprisesysteme

2、mphasizesprivateownership.Privatebusinessesproducemostgoodsandservices,andalmosttwo-thirdsofthenation'stotaleconomicoutputgoestoindividualsforpersonaluse(theremainingone-thirdisboughtbygovernmentandbusiness).Theconsumerroleissogreat,infact,thatthenationiss

3、ometimescharacterizedashavinga"consumereconomy/9Thisemphasisonprivateownershiparises,inpart,fromAmericanbeliefsaboutpersonalfreedom・Fromthetimethenationwascreated,Americanshavefearedexcessivegovernmentpower,andtheyhavesoughttolimitgovernmenfsauthorityoveri

4、ndividuals—includingitsroleintheeconomicrealm・Inaddition,Americansgenerallybelievethataneconomycharacterizedbyprivateownershipislikelytooperatemoreefficientlythanonewithsubstantialgovernmentownership.Wheneconomicforcesareunfettered,Americansbelieve,supplya

5、nddemanddeterminethepricesofgoodsandservices・Prices,inturn,tellbusinesseswhattoproduce;ifpeoplewantmoreofaparticulargoodsthantheeconomyisproducing,thepriceofthegoodsrises.Thatcatchestheattentionofneworothercompaniesthat,sensinganopportunitytoearnprofits,st

6、artproducingmoreofthatgoods・Ontheotherhand,ifpeoplewantlessofthegoods,pricesfallandlesscompetitiveproducerseithergooutofbusinessorstartproducingdifferentgoods・Therearelimitstofreeenterprise,however・Americanshavealwaysbelievedthatsomeservicesarebetterperfor

7、medbypublicratherthanprivateenterprise・Forinstance,intheUnitedStates,governmentisprimarilyresponsiblefortheadministrationofjustice,education,theroadsystem,andnationaldefense.Inthismixedeconomy,individualscanhelpguidetheeconomynotonlythroughthechoicestheyma

8、keasconsumersbutthroughthevotestheycastforofficialswhoshapeeconomicpolicy.Inrecentyears,consumershavevoicedconcernsaboutproductsafety,environmentalthreatsposedbycertainindustrialpractices,andpotentialhealthri

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