谈贮碱罐焊接接头开裂原因及防止措施

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1、贮碱罐焊接接头开裂原因及防止措施丁启敏　栾江峰　万发亭摘　要：结合抚顺石化公司石油一厂两个60m3立式贮碱罐焊接热影响区开裂情况，对其产生的原因和防止措施进行了研究。现场检测和实验室研究结果表明，大多数情况下，贮碱罐焊接热影响区开裂是碱脆应力腐蚀破坏；指出：碱液质量浓度、温度、罐体的应力状态，是形成碱脆破坏的充分必要条件。提出适当调节三要素中的任何一个，都可以有效地避免产生碱脆破坏的观点。在设计和制造贮碱罐防冻加热器的结构时，应优先考虑选用内置加热器形式。主要原因在于：内置加热器结构尺寸远小于外置式结构。特点是：省料(选用镍

2、基或镍钢管以及碳钢管焊制时)；便于焊制后整体进行炉中消除应力热处理(碳钢管焊制时)；从而避免或减轻碱脆应力腐蚀破坏。其它研究结果也证明：内置蛇形管加热器的优点多于外置式蛇形管加热器。关键词：碳钢碱罐；　焊接接头；　碱脆；　原因；　措施分类号：TQ053　　文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-396X(2000)01-0055-04StudyontheReasonsandPreventingMeasuresoftheWeldJointCrackinginAlkali-StoredTanksDingQimin（Department

3、ofMechanicalEngineering,FushunPetroleumInstitute,LiaoningFushun113001,China）LanJiangfeng（DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,FushunPetroleumInstitute,LiaoningFushun113001,China）WanFating（MachineWorksofFushunPetroleumInstitute,LiaoningFushun113001,China）Abstract：Accor

4、dingtothefactthatweldHAZofthetwo60m3verticalalkali-storedtankscrackedinNo.lrefinaryofFushunpetrochemicalcorporation.Reasonsfortheircrackingsandpreventingmeasureshavebeenstudied.Theexperimentresultsinthelaboratoryandonthespotshowthatcausticembrittlementorstresscorro

5、sionismainlyresponsibleforweldHAZcreacking.Itispointedthatalkalisconcentration,temperatureandstressconditionsintanksarethemostimportantthreefactorswhichinducedthecausticembrittlement.Itisproposedthatadjustingproperlyanyoneofthethreefactorscanavoidproducingcausticem

6、brittlement.Whenthestructuresofthefreezingresistantheaterinalkali-storedtankaredesignedandmanufactured,itmustpreferentiallyselecttheinner-playedheater.Themainreasonisthatsizeofinner-playedheaterismuchsmallerthanouter-playedone,anditscharacteristicsareasfollows:savi

7、ngmaterials(whenNickel-baseorNickel-steelandcarbonsteelpipesarechoosed);itisconvenienttomakepostheatstressrelieftreatmentsothatcausticembrittlementcanbeavoidedeffectively.Otherresearchingresultsalsoprovethatinner-playedheaterisbetterthanouter-played.Keywords：Carbon

8、steelalkali-storedtank；Weldjoint；　Causticembrittlement；　Reason；　Measure▲　　在石油化工、热电厂以及贮运部门的生产环节中大量使用贮碱罐，基于介质工况多为常温常压，所以贮碱罐材料常选用Q235钢板由电弧焊拼焊制成，其容积由