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时间:2019-01-03
《贮碱罐焊接接头开裂原因及防止措施》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、贮碱罐焊接接头开裂原因及防止措施丁启敏 栾江峰 万发亭摘 要:结合抚顺石化公司石油一厂两个60m3立式贮碱罐焊接热影响区开裂情况,对其产生的原因和防止措施进行了研究。现场检测和实验室研究结果表明,大多数情况下,贮碱罐焊接热影响区开裂是碱脆应力腐蚀破坏;指出:碱液质量浓度、温度、罐体的应力状态,是形成碱脆破坏的充分必要条件。提出适当调节三要素中的任何一个,都可以有效地避免产生碱脆破坏的观点。在设计和制造贮碱罐防冻加热器的结构时,应优先考虑选用内置加热器形式。主要原因在于:内置加热器结构尺寸远小于外置式结构。特点是:省料(选用镍基或镍钢管以及碳钢管焊制时);便
2、于焊制后整体进行炉中消除应力热处理(碳钢管焊制时);从而避免或减轻碱脆应力腐蚀破坏。其它研究结果也证明:内置蛇形管加热器的优点多于外置式蛇形管加热器。关键词:碳钢碱罐; 焊接接头; 碱脆; 原因; 措施分类号:TQ053 文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-396X(2000)01-0055-04StudyontheReasonsandPreventingMeasuresoftheWeldJointCrackinginAlkali-StoredTanksDingQimin(DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,FushunPe
3、troleumInstitute,LiaoningFushun113001,China)LanJiangfeng(DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,FushunPetroleumInstitute,LiaoningFushun113001,China)WanFating(MachineWorksofFushunPetroleumInstitute,LiaoningFushun113001,China)Abstract:AccordingtothefactthatweldHAZofthetwo60m3verticalalka
4、li-storedtankscrackedinNo.lrefinaryofFushunpetrochemicalcorporation.Reasonsfortheircrackingsandpreventingmeasureshavebeenstudied.TheexperimentresultsinthelaboratoryandonthespotshowthatcausticembrittlementorstresscorrosionismainlyresponsibleforweldHAZcreacking.Itispointedthatalkali
5、sconcentration,temperatureandstressconditionsintanksarethemostimportantthreefactorswhichinducedthecausticembrittlement.Itisproposedthatadjustingproperlyanyoneofthethreefactorscanavoidproducingcausticembrittlement.Whenthestructuresofthefreezingresistantheaterinalkali-storedtankared
6、esignedandmanufactured,itmustpreferentiallyselecttheinner-playedheater.Themainreasonisthatsizeofinner-playedheaterismuchsmallerthanouter-playedone,anditscharacteristicsareasfollows:savingmaterials(whenNickel-baseorNickel-steelandcarbonsteelpipesarechoosed);itisconvenienttomakepost
7、heatstressrelieftreatmentsothatcausticembrittlementcanbeavoidedeffectively.Otherresearchingresultsalsoprovethatinner-playedheaterisbetterthanouter-played.Keywords:Carbonsteelalkali-storedtank;Weldjoint; Causticembrittlement; Reason; Measure▲ 在石油化工、热电厂以及贮运部门的生产环节中大量使用贮碱罐,基于介质工况多为常
8、温常压,所以贮碱罐材料常选用Q235钢板由电弧焊拼焊制成,其容积由
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