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1、高氮不锈钢开发和应用的最新进展·1·高氮不锈钢开发和应用的最新进展姜周华朱红春李花兵冯浩李阳刘福斌(东北大学材料与冶金学院,辽宁沈阳110819)摘要本文介绍了高氮不锈钢加压制备理论、冶炼工艺、焊接技术以及品种开发方面的最近研究进展。给出了具有广泛适用性的预测不锈钢合金体系在常压和加压下的氮溶解度计算公式以及算固相中氮含量的计算结果。研究结果表明,压力增加使得钢锭与锭模之间的传热效果显著提高,冷却速度加快,局部凝固时间缩短,从而显著细化了晶粒尺寸。指出气相渗氮和微弧增氮的加压电渣重熔工艺是制备高氮不锈钢最
2、具发展前景的手段。我们在实验室研究基础上,成功地开发了常压下电渣重熔高氮不锈钢的工业化技术,并研制了氮含量0.69%的600~1000MW大型发电机护环。开发了实验室加压电渣炉和加压感应炉以及相关工艺技术。利用氮气保护的FSW技术成功实现了高氮奥氏体不锈钢18Cr-18Mn-2Mo-0.96N(2.4mm厚)的焊接。最后重点介绍了高氮马氏体不锈钢以及高氮奥氏体不锈钢的性能特点和应用情况。关键词高氮不锈钢,加压冶金,加压电渣重熔,搅拌摩擦焊接LatestProgressinDevelopmentandApp
3、licationofHighNitrogenStainlessSteelsJiangZhouhua,ZhuHongchun,LiHuabing,FengHao,LiYang,LiuFubin(SchoolofMaterials&Metallurgy,NortheasternUniversity,ShenyangLiaoning110819,China)AbstractInthispaper,therecentresearchprogressofhighnitrogenstainlesssteel,thet
4、heoryofthepressurizedmetallurgy,themeltingprocess,theweldingtechnologyandthedevelopmentofdifferenthighnitrogensteelsareintroduced.Thecalculationformulaofnitrogensolubilityandthecalculationresultsofthenitrogencontentinsolidphaseweregiven.Theresultsshowthat
5、pressurizingsignificantlyimprovetheheattransfereffectbetweeningotandmold,coolingspeed,shortenthelocalsolidificationtime,therebysignificantlyrefinesthegrainsize.Itispointedoutthattheprocessofgasphasenitridingandmicroarcincreasingnitrogenisthemostpromisingm
6、ethodforpreparinghighnitrogenstainlesssteel.Onthebasisoflaboratoryresearch,theindustrialtechnologyofhighnitrogenstainlesssteelwassuccessfullydeveloped,andtheretainingringfor600-1000MWofthelargegeneratorwith0.69%nitrogencontentwasdeveloped.Thedevelopmentof
7、laboratorypressurizedelectroslagfurnaceandinductionfurnacepressureandrelatedtechnologywasrealized.Theweldingofhighnitrogenausteniticstainlesssteel18Cr-18Mn-2Mo-0.96N(2.4mmthick)wassuccessfullyrealizedbyFSWtechnology.Theperformancecharacteristicsandapplica
8、tionofhighnitrogenmartensiticstainlesssteelandhighnitrogenausteniticstainlesssteelwereintroduced.Keywordshighnitrogensteel,pressurizedmetallurgy,pressurizedelectroslagremelting,frictionstirwelding11引言[1]高氮钢是近年来随着冶金科