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1、RomanticPeriod(1820-1865):AmericanLiteratureComesofAgeOverviewFromtheendof18thcenturythroughtheoutbreakoftheCivilWar,arisingAmericawasflourishingintoapolitically,economicallyandculturallyindependentcountry.Historically,itwasthetimeofwestwardexpansion.ThewesternboundaryhadreachedtothePacificby186
2、0.Economically,thewholenationwasexperiencinganindustrialtransformation,whichaffectedtheruralaswellastheurbanlife.Politically,democracyandequalitybecametheidealofthenewnation,andthetwo-partysystemcameintobeing.Culturallyandliterally,thenationfeltanurgetohaveitsownliteraryexpression,tomakeknownits
3、newexperiencethatothernationsdidnothave:theearlyPuritansettlement,theconfrontationwiththeIndians,thefrontiersmen'slife,andthewildWest.RomanticisminAmericacoincidedwiththeperiodofnationalexpansionandthediscoveryofadistinctiveAmericanvoice.Thesolidificationofanationalidentityandthesurgingidealisma
4、ndpassionofRomanticismnurturedthemasterpiecesof"theAmericanRenaissance."RomanticismTheRomanticMovement,whichoriginatedinGermanybutquicklyspreadtoEngland,France,andbeyond,reachedAmericaaroundtheyear1820,some20yearsafterWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridgehadrevolutionizedEnglishpoetrybypubli
5、shingLyricalBallads.Romanticismwasarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Theystressedthecloserelationshipbetweenmanandnature,emphasizedindividualismandaffirmedtheinnerlifeoftheself.Theycherishedstrongin
6、terestinthepast,especiallythemedievalandwereattractedbythewild,theirregular,theindefinite,theremote,themysterious,andthestrange.Themovementappealedtothoselongingtobreakfreeofthestrictreligioustraditionsofearlysettlement.ItappealedtothoseinoppositionofCalvinism,whichinvolvedthebeliefthattheuniver
7、seandalltheeventswithinitaresubjecttothepowerofGod.TheRomanticMovementgaverisetoNewEnglandTranscendentalismwhichportrayedalessrestrictiverelationshipbetweenGodandUniverse.Thenewreligionpresentedtheindividualwithamorepersonal