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1、12.动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。1）若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watchTheteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-->Hew
2、asseentoplayfootballontheplayground.2）情态动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.12.1let的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to的不定式。Theyletthestrangego.--->Thestrangewasletgo.2）若let后宾补较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit代替。Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehosp
3、ital.---->Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.12.2短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore..12.3表示"据说"或"相信"的词组believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,repor
4、t,say,see,suppose,think,understandItissaidthat…据说Itisreportedthat…据报道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家认为Itissuggestedthat…据建议Itistakengrantedthat…被视为当然Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTues
5、day.12.4不用被动语态的情况1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepri
6、cehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat.(对)Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,
7、watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.3)系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.4)带同
