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1、第20卷专辑1中国有色金属学报2010年10月Vol.20Special1TheChineseJournalofNonferrousMetalsOct.2010文章编号：1004-0609(2010)S1-s0906-08变形钛及钛合金熔炼技术李雄1，庞克昌1，郭华2，李红恩3(1.宝山钢铁股份有限公司特钢事业部，上海200740；2.沈阳飞机工业(集团)有限公司冶金处，沈阳110034；3.沈阳飞机设计研究所材料应用室，沈阳110035)摘要：讨论变形钛及钛合金的3种主要熔炼方法。高密度夹杂和低密度夹杂是
2、导致钛及钛合金制品疲劳裂纹和锻造裂纹的两种主要缺陷，真空自耗电弧熔炼(VAR)去除这两种缺陷的能力有限，而电子束冷床炉(EBCHM)和等离子冷床炉(PACHM)熔炼却有很好的效果，但HM＋VAR工艺的铸锭仍有低密度夹杂存在。多次VAR熔炼会加剧合金成分不均匀，而CHM熔炼的铸锭成分不均匀程度更大。EB炉适合熔炼纯钛和低合金钛，PA炉适合熔炼钛合金，前者元素挥发较厉害，后者的铸锭中存在气孔和表面冷隔。HM熔炼的扁锭对轧制板材具有成本优势，而对其他类型的产品这种优势可能不复存在。基于成本的考虑，对熔炼技术的掌握
3、程度是一个不可忽视的因素。关键词：变形钛；钛合金；真空自耗电弧熔炼；电子束冷床熔炼；等离子冷床熔炼；熔炼成本中图分类号：TF806.82文献标志码：AMeltingtechnologyofwroughtTiandTialloyLIXiong1,PANGKe-chang1,GUOHua2,LIHong-en3(1.SpecialSteelBusinessUnit,BaoshanIron&SteelCo.,Ltd.,Shanghai200740,China;2.MetallurgyDepartment,Shen
4、yangAricraftIndustriesGroup,Shenyang110035,China;3.MaterialApplicationOffice,ShenyangAircraftDesign&ResearchInstitute,Shenyang110034,China)Abstract:ThemainthreekindsofmeltmethodswerediscussedforwroughtTiandTialloy.High-densityinclusions(HDIs)andlow-density
5、inclusions(LDIs)caninitiatethefatiguecracksandforgingcracks.Bothelectron-beamcoldhearthmelting(EBCHM)andplasma-arccoldhearthmelting(PACHM)processeshavesignificantlygreatercapabilitiestoeliminateLDIsandHDIscomparedwiththethreeVARprocesses(3-VAR),howeverLDIs
6、arefoundinafewHM+VARheats.AlthoughrepeatedVARmakesthechemicalcompositionheterogeneitybecomeserious,itisstillbetterthanHM.ThemeltingofTialloysusingEBCHMmakesthemarkedvolatileofhighvaporpressurealloyingelements,EBfurnaceismoresuitableformeltingCPTiandlowallo
7、ytitanium.PACHMisagoodprocessformeltingtitaniumalloy,despiteexistinggasporeswithiningotsandcoldshutsintheingotsurfaces.ThereiscostadvantagedirectlyrollingintoplateandsheetproductsbyHMcomparedwithtwoVARprocesses(2-VAR)tocostTiandTialloyintoarectangularingot
8、,whiletheadvantagemaybenolongerexistsforothertypesofproducts.Basedoncostconsiderations,technicalmasteryofthemeltingshouldnotbeignored.Keywords:wroughttitanium;titaniumalloy;vacuumarcremelting(VAR);electron-be
