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1、第20卷专辑1中国有色金属学报2010年10月Vol.20Special1TheChineseJournalofNonferrousMetalsOct.2010文章编号:1004-0609(2010)S1-s0906-08变形钛及钛合金熔炼技术李雄1,庞克昌1,郭华2,李红恩3(1.宝山钢铁股份有限公司特钢事业部,上海200740;2.沈阳飞机工业(集团)有限公司冶金处,沈阳110034;3.沈阳飞机设计研究所材料应用室,沈阳110035)摘要:讨论变形钛及钛合金的3种主要熔炼方法。高密度夹杂和低密度夹杂是
2、导致钛及钛合金制品疲劳裂纹和锻造裂纹的两种主要缺陷,真空自耗电弧熔炼(VAR)去除这两种缺陷的能力有限,而电子束冷床炉(EBCHM)和等离子冷床炉(PACHM)熔炼却有很好的效果,但HM+VAR工艺的铸锭仍有低密度夹杂存在。多次VAR熔炼会加剧合金成分不均匀,而CHM熔炼的铸锭成分不均匀程度更大。EB炉适合熔炼纯钛和低合金钛,PA炉适合熔炼钛合金,前者元素挥发较厉害,后者的铸锭中存在气孔和表面冷隔。HM熔炼的扁锭对轧制板材具有成本优势,而对其他类型的产品这种优势可能不复存在。基于成本的考虑,对熔炼技术的掌握
3、程度是一个不可忽视的因素。关键词:变形钛;钛合金;真空自耗电弧熔炼;电子束冷床熔炼;等离子冷床熔炼;熔炼成本中图分类号:TF806.82文献标志码:AMeltingtechnologyofwroughtTiandTialloyLIXiong1,PANGKe-chang1,GUOHua2,LIHong-en3(1.SpecialSteelBusinessUnit,BaoshanIron&SteelCo.,Ltd.,Shanghai200740,China;2.MetallurgyDepartment,Shen
4、yangAricraftIndustriesGroup,Shenyang110035,China;3.MaterialApplicationOffice,ShenyangAircraftDesign&ResearchInstitute,Shenyang110034,China)Abstract:ThemainthreekindsofmeltmethodswerediscussedforwroughtTiandTialloy.High-densityinclusions(HDIs)andlow-density
5、inclusions(LDIs)caninitiatethefatiguecracksandforgingcracks.Bothelectron-beamcoldhearthmelting(EBCHM)andplasma-arccoldhearthmelting(PACHM)processeshavesignificantlygreatercapabilitiestoeliminateLDIsandHDIscomparedwiththethreeVARprocesses(3-VAR),howeverLDIs
6、arefoundinafewHM+VARheats.AlthoughrepeatedVARmakesthechemicalcompositionheterogeneitybecomeserious,itisstillbetterthanHM.ThemeltingofTialloysusingEBCHMmakesthemarkedvolatileofhighvaporpressurealloyingelements,EBfurnaceismoresuitableformeltingCPTiandlowallo
7、ytitanium.PACHMisagoodprocessformeltingtitaniumalloy,despiteexistinggasporeswithiningotsandcoldshutsintheingotsurfaces.ThereiscostadvantagedirectlyrollingintoplateandsheetproductsbyHMcomparedwithtwoVARprocesses(2-VAR)tocostTiandTialloyintoarectangularingot
8、,whiletheadvantagemaybenolongerexistsforothertypesofproducts.Basedoncostconsiderations,technicalmasteryofthemeltingshouldnotbeignored.Keywords:wroughttitanium;titaniumalloy;vacuumarcremelting(VAR);electron-be