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1、名词性从句[考点解析]名词性从句一.名词性从句的关联词有三类:1.从属连词:that,whether,if2.连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever3.连接副词:when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however关联词的用法可以简单地归纳为三句话:(1)从句不缺成分用that(2)从句缺少主语,宾语和表语,指物用what,which,whatever,指人用who/whom/whoev
2、er/whomever/whose.(3)其他情况,句子中缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether,where,when,how,why,who,whom,whose)。下面我们逐一分析这三句话的含意。第一句话:从句不缺成分用that,例如:1)Myhopeisthatshewillsoonbewellagain.(表语从句:我的希望是她能很快康复。)2)Everybodyhopesthatshewillsoonbewellagain.(宾语从句:大家都希望她能很快康复。)2)Thatshewillsoon
3、bewellagainisourhope.(主语从句:她能很快康复是我们的希望。)从上面三个句子可以看出:1)名词性从句中的that只是起连接作用,不.充当任何成分,一定要与定语从句中的关系代词that相区别。2)引导主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句的情况,that是可以省略的,引导是宾语从句。第二句话:从句缺少主语宾语和表语,物用what,人用who/whom/whoever/whomever。这是名词性从句考试的重点,特别是what,这里的关键是否能辨认出句子的成分。例如:______heneedsismoret
4、ime.(他需要的是更多的时间)显然,主语从句中:he是主语,而谓语动词needs缺宾语,因此填what。Tellus______yousawandheardduringyourvisittothatuniversity.同样,宾语从句中谓语动词saw和heard缺宾语,应填what。Thisisnot______Iwant,同样,表语从句中动词缺宾语,应填what______somepeopleareagainstis______otherpeoplearefor.这是一个主语从句+表语从句的结构,介词again
5、st和for后面都没有宾语,无疑都应填what:一些人反对的就是其它人赞成的。第三句话:其他情况,中文缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether,where,when,how,why,who,whom,whose),例如:Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeinsuchbadweather.天气这么糟糕,不知他是否会来。Whowillgiveusalectureisunknown.谁给我们作报告还不知道。Ihavenoideahowhelearnedaboutit.我不知道他是怎么得知的。名词性从
6、句引导词列表:主语从句Thathewillcomeis句首不能省略that4从属连词that,whether,ifcertain.(that不可省略)Whethershe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.(不能用if)引导主语从句只用whether宾语从句Ithink(that)he’llbeallrightinafewdays.Iwentinandaskedif(whether)theyhadacheapsuit.(1)that可以省略(2)if与whether可互换(3)作介词
7、宾语一般用whether表语从句ThefactisthatIhaveneverbeenthere.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.(1)that一般不省略(2)用whether而不用if同位语从句ThefactthatshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofusTheyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.(1)that不能省略(2)用whether而不用if连接代词who,whom,whose
8、,which,what主语从句Whowilltakehisplaceisunknown.Whathesaidisveryimportant.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.(1)用陈述句语气(2)what相当于先行词+定语从句宾语从句Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.Payattentiontowhatthet