教育哲学期末复习笔记

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1、TheRepubliclTheRepublic(excerpt):theallegory(寓言）ofcave.TheAllegoryoftheCavedescribesfourstagesthroughwhichapersonhastopasstogetasoundeducation.Thesestagesaredistinguishedbywhatalearnerisabletosee.Images(delusion)--perceptible&scientificobjects(informedopinion)--mathematical&scienti

2、ficobjects(scientificknowledge)--thegood(philosophicalwisdom)lWhatdotheimagesinthecavestandfor?FalserealitylWhatisPlato’sunderstandingofthenatureofeducation?Thefirstthingabouttheprisonersinthecaveisthattheyarelookinginthewrongdirection.ThisnotionoforientationiscentraltoPlato'sideao

3、feducation:helaterdescribesrealeducationastheartoforientation（定位，信仰）andtheeducator'staskasthatofturning.Educatorsshoulddevisethesimplestandmosteffectivemethodsofturningsoulsaround.Itshouldn'tbetheartofimplantingsightintheorgan,butshouldproceedontheunderstandingthattheorganalreadyha

4、sthecapacity.Platoinsiststhatstudiesinthemathematicalsciencesnotbe"compulsory"."compulsory（强制的）intellectualwork”neverremainsinthesoul".Educationisliberating.TheEducationofNature1.Educationofnature,educationofmen,educationofthings;Theinternaldevelopmentofourfacultiesandourorgansisth

5、eeducationofnature;theusethatwearetaughttomakeofthisdevelopmentistheeducationofmen;Andwhatweacquirefromourownexperienceabouttheobjectswhichaffectusistheeducationofthings.(天性，我们是无法控制的，社会，我们也只能控制某些方面，而人的教育则是我们能完全掌控的）Theonealoneinwhomtheyallcoincideatthesamepointandtendtothesameendsre

6、acheshisgoalandlivesconsistently.Healoneiswellraised.whatisthegoal?It’sthesameasthatofnature.Sincetheconjunctionofthethreeeducationisnecessarytotheirperfection,thetwoothersmustbedirectedtowardtheoneoverwhichwehavenopower.(社会及人的教育应该遵循天性，教育顺应儿童天性发展）2.Habitvs.nature;Natureishabit,buta

7、ssoonasthesituationchange,habitceasesandthenaturereturn.Educationiscertainlyjusthabit.Theeducationmakeusmorebecomecapableofusingoursensesandmoreenlightened.(教育交给我们习惯）Theoriginaldispositionisnature.3.Makingamanvs.makingacitizen;Rousseauthinksthat,onemustchoosetobetweenmakingamanorac

8、itizen,foronecannotmakebot