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1、摘要摘要观音信仰发源于古印度,传入我国大约在两汉之际。观音信仰在我国经过历代的弘扬和提倡,深入到社会各个阶层,成为我国民众的主要信仰之一。当优填王用上好旃檀香木雕造了第一尊佛像后,观音造像也随之发展起来,也更易于观音信仰的认可和膜拜。观音造像在我国的本土性与创造性的融合下,表现出了千年古国的魅力与创新和艺术神韵,不仅推动了中国艺术史的发展,也丰富了我们人类的文化信仰和艺术内涵。普陀山是观音菩萨的道场,发展观音文化也最具有“话语权”。本文从对古印度观音信仰的认识开始,对古印度的观音造像的艺术风格进行分析研究,从而认识它与中国早期观音信仰及其造像艺术之间的关系。进而,对中国历代观
2、音造像艺术的特征梳理,提出“普陀山观音造像艺术的东海话语研究”,分析普陀山各种形式的观音造像艺术的特点。然后,进入舟山群岛这个区域,立足于普陀山(也是最著名的观音道场),对它能成为著名观音道场的各种原因进行分析,并且提出了普陀山观音文化“东海话语权”的概念。最后,笔者着重分析和讨论了“东海话语权”的可能性与创新性,以及文化物质层面、文化规范层面、文化价值层面四个层面的创新研究。总之,打造普陀山东海话语的造像艺术,具有重要的现实意义。关键词:佛教;观音信仰;造像艺术;普陀山;东海话语I摘要ABSTRACTTheworshipoftheBodhisattvaofKuan-yinw
3、asoriginatedinancientIndia,andwasintroducedtoChinabetweenthetwoHanDynasties.Throughagesofpropaganda,theworshipofKuan-yinhasbeenpenetratedintoalllayersofsociety,becomeoneofthemostimportantreligionsinChina.TheartofKuan-yinsculpturerisesaftertheUdayanausinghighqualitysandalwoodmadethefistsculp
4、ture,andwasrecognizedandworshipedbyBuddhists.AssimilatedtheChineseindigenousartandcreativity,theartofKuan-yinsculptureexhibitsthecreativityandartisticcharmofChinawhichenjoysthousandsofyearsofhistory,itnotonlypromotethehistoryofChineseart,butalsoenrichtheculturebeliefsandartisticconnotations
5、ofourmankind.MtPutuoistheplaceofritesfortheBodhisattvaofKuan-yin,thusmadeitholdaoverwhelmingpositioninthecultureofKuan-yin.ThisdissertationbeginswiththestudyoftheworshipofKuan-yininancientIndia,thenanalysesitsartisticstyle,andstudiestherelationbetweentheancientIndiaKuan-yinworshipandChina’s
6、.Andthen,thisdissertationsortsoutthefeaturesoftheKuan-yinsculpturefromdifferentdynastiesofChina,andanalysesthetraitsofKuan-yinsculptureinMtPutuo,thencomestoproposestheideaoftheresearchontheutterancerightofPutuoKuan-yinsculptureinEastChinaSea.Inthenextchapter,thisdissertationfocusedonthecert
7、ainareaofZhoushanarchipelago,basedonMtPutuo,analysesthereasonsofwhydiditbecomeafamousplaceofritesforKuan-yin,proposestheideaoftheutterancerightofPutuoKuan-yinsculptureinEastChinaSea.Inthelastchapter,thisdissertationdiscussesthepossibilityandcreativityoft