欢迎来到天天文库
浏览记录
ID:32153883
大小:2.76 MB
页数:7页
时间:2019-02-01
《新托福阅读列举题名师全解》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、智课网TOEFL备考资料新托福阅读列举题名师全解摘要:本文介绍了托福阅读中的列举题的一些做题方法,希望对大家有所帮助。一、问题形式列举题,也叫排除列举题,ETS称之为“否定事实信息题”(negativefactualinformationquestion)。基本形式如下:Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofX?Theauthor’sdescriptionofXmentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT二、解题技巧列举题的基本思路是排除,排除与原文相符的选项,与原文相矛
2、盾的选项或原文未提到的选项是正确答案。注意问题中的否定词Not和EXCEPT。1.列举题的解题步骤1)看题干找关键词问题中有关键词的,可以根据它定位,然后将四个选项与定位的地方进行比较。如果没有关键词,可以先定位于上一个问题对应的段落之后的段落。2)阅读四个选项题干中没有线索的,可以阅读四个选项,总结其中的共同点进行定位,或者根据各个选项中的关键词一一进行定位。3)排除与原文相符的选项将各个选项与原文比较以后,排除其中符合原文意思的选项,剩下的一个选项,或者与原文相矛盾,或者在原文未提到,就是正确答案。例如,Theoppositeofanopportun
3、istisacompetitor.Theseorganismstendtohavebigbodies,arelong-lived,andspendrelativelylittleefforteachyearonreproduction.Anoaktreeisagoodexampleofacompetitor.Amassiveoakclaimsitsgroundfor200yearsormore,outcompetingallotherwould-becanopytreesbycastingadenseshadeanddrawingupanyfreewat
4、erinthesoil.Theleavesofanoaktreetastefoulbecausetheyarerichintannins,achemicalthatrendersthemdistastefulorindigestibletomanyorganisms.Thetanninsarepartofthedefensemechanismthatisessentialtolongevity.Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedw
5、iththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.Onceanoaktreebecomesestablished,itislikelytosurviveminorcyclesofdroughtandevenfire.Apopulationofoaksislikelytoberelativelystablethroughtime,anditssurvivalislikelytodependmoreonitsabilitytowithstandthepressuresofcompetitionorpredati
6、onthanonitsabilitytotakeadvantageofchanceevents.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatthepureopportunistorpurecompetitorisrareinnature,asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagra
7、ph7ascontributingtothelongevityofanoaktreeEXCEPTthecapacitytocreateshadeleavescontainingtannintheabilitytowithstandmilddroughtsandfirethelargenumberofacornsthetreeproduces本题对应第七段(见上文),其中前三个选项所说的条件(从第四句开始)都对oaktree的长寿有利,而第四个选项所说的“acorns的数量”并未与oaktree的寿命直接联系在一起,因此为正确答案。2.列举的两种形式1)集
8、中列举集中列举的形式有:三个名词或词汇连续出现,各个名词或词汇之间以逗号隔开;三
此文档下载收益归作者所有