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1、名师新托福阅读列举题全解析Teacher'snewTOEFLReadinglistfullanalysisProf.LiChuanwei,vicepresidentofBeijingnewchannelschoolI.theformofproblemThelistofquestions,alsocalledexclusionlists,iscalled〃ETSfactualquestioninformation"(negative)・Thebasicformisasfollows:Accordingt
2、othepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofX?Theauthor'sdescriptionofXmentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPTTwo,problem-solvingskillsThebasicideaofenumeratingproblemsistoexclude,excludetheoptionsthatconformtotheoriginaltext,theoptionsinconsistentwiththeoriginal
3、textortheoptionsthatarenotmentionedintheoriginaltextarethecorrectanswers・Noticethenegativewords"Not"and"EXCEPT"inthequestions・1.stepstosolvetheproblemofenumeration1)lookingforwordstofindkeywordsTherearekeywordsintheproblem,whichcanbepositionedaccordingt
4、oit,andthencomparethefouroptionswiththelocation.Iftherearenokeywords,youcanfirstlocatetheparagraphafterthelastparagraphoftheproblem・1)readfouroptionsTherearenocluesintheproblem,youcanreadthefouroptions,summarizethecommonpointofpositioning,oraccordingtot
5、hekeywordsineachoptionpositioning.2)excludeoptionsconsistentwiththeoriginaltextAftercomparingthevariousoptionswiththeoriginal,excludingtheoptionswhichconformtotheoriginalmeaning,theremainingoneisinconsistentwiththeoriginaltext,ornotmentionedintheorigina
6、ltext,whichisthecorrectanswer・Forexample,Theoppositeofanopportunistisacompetitor・Theseorganismstendtohavebigbodies,arelong-lived,andspendrelativelylittleefforteachyearonreproduction.Anoaktreeisagoodexampleofacompetitor・Amassiveoakclaimsitsgroundfor200ye
7、arsormore,outcompetingallotherwould-becanopytreesbycastingadenseshadeanddrawingupanyfreewaterintheso订.Theleavesofanoaktreetastefoulbecausetheyarerichintannins,achemicalthatrendersthemdistastefulorindigestibletomanyorganisms・Thetanninsarepartofthedefense
8、mechanismthatisessentialtolongevity・Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunK,androots・Onceanoaktreebecomesestablished,itislikelytosurviveminorcycleso
