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1、SubjectiveMood虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法1)概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。2)在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。句型:条件从句 主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题Thev
2、olleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一
3、般现在时的动词形式。非真实条件句条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反If…+动词过去式(动词be的过去式用were)wouldshouldcould+动词原形might与过去事实相反If…+过去完成式(haddone)wouldshouldcould+havedonemight与将来事实相反动词过去式If…+should+动词原形wereto+动词原形wouldshouldcould+动词原形might1.与现在事实相反条件从句:did/were主句:would/should/could/might+doIftheywe
4、rehere,theywouldhelpyou.Ifwehadtime,wewouldgowithyou.如果我是你,我会申请那份工作的。IfIwereyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.即使我有钱,也不会买它。EvenifIhadthemoney,Iwouldn’tbuyit.要是你知道谁打破了玻璃,你会怎么办?Whatwouldyoudoifyouknewwhobroketheglass?2.与过去事实相反条件从句:haddone主句:would/should/could/might+havedo
5、neIfshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Iwouldhavetoldhimaboutit.如果当时听了你的话,我就不会犯这样的错误了。IfIhadtakenyouadvice,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.如果我再认真一点的话,我可以做的更好。IcouldhavedoneitbetterifIhadbeenmorecareful.如果他没生病,他昨晚可能回来的。Ifhehadn’tbeenill
6、,hemighthavecomelastnight.3.与将来事实相反条件从句:did(were)/shoulddo/weretodo主句:would/should/could/might+doIfyousucceeded/shouldsucceed/weretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.如果明天下雨,我会待在家里。Ifitrainedtomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.要是我来做这件事,我会用另一种方法。IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitin
7、anotherway.4.错综时间条件句在虚拟语气中,有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的,称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整,分别处理。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvicethen,youwouldbeallrightnow.注:时间有时会省略4.虚拟条件句的倒装从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,
8、should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.典型例题_____todoth