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1、RINANUTSHELLSecondEditionJosephAdlerBeijing•Cambridge•Farnham•Köln•Sebastopol•TokyoRinaNutshell,SecondEditionbyJosephAdlerCopyright©2012JosephAdler.Allrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.PublishedbyO’ReillyMedia,Inc.,1005GravensteinHighwayNorth,Sebastopol,CA95472.O’Reilly
2、booksmaybepurchasedforeducational,business,orsalespromotionaluse.Onlineeditionsarealsoavailableformosttitles(http://my.safaribooksonline.com).Formoreinfor-mation,contactourcorporate/institutionalsalesdepartment:800-998-9938orcorporate@oreilly.com.Editors:MikeLoukidesandMeghanBlanchett
3、eIndexer:FredBrownProductionEditor:HollyBauerCoverDesigner:KarenMontgomeryProofreader:JulieVanKeurenInteriorDesigner:DavidFutatoIllustrators:RobertRomanoandRe-beccaDemarestSeptember2009:FirstEdition.October2012:SecondEdition.RevisionHistoryfortheSecondEdition:2012-09-25FirstreleaseSee
4、http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449312084forreleasedetails.NutshellHandbook,theNutshellHandbooklogo,andtheO’Reillylogoareregisteredtrade-marksofO’ReillyMedia,Inc.RinaNutshell,theimageofaharpyeagle,andrelatedtradedressaretrademarksofO’ReillyMedia,Inc.Manyofthedesignation
5、susedbymanufacturersandsellerstodistinguishtheirproductsareclaimedastrademarks.Wherethosedesignationsappearinthisbook,andO’ReillyMedia,Inc.,wasawareofatrademarkclaim,thedesignationshavebeenprintedincapsorinitialcaps.Whileeveryprecautionhasbeentakeninthepreparationofthisbook,thepublish
6、erandauthorassumenoresponsibilityforerrorsoromissions,orfordamagesresultingfromtheuseoftheinformationcontainedherein.ISBN:978-1-449-31208-4[LSI]1348585490TableofContentsPreface............................................................xiiiPartI.RBasics1.GettingandInstallingR.........
7、.................................3RVersions3GettingandInstallingInteractiveRBinaries3Windows4MacOSX5LinuxandUnixSystems52.TheRUserInterface.............................................7TheRGraphicalUserInterface7Windows8MacOSX8LinuxandUnix9TheRConsole11Command-LineEditing13BatchMode13
8、Using