我国快递行业的监管法律规制研究——基于促进市场竞争的视角

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1、rl快递行业法律规制内容的基础上，分析了其中存在的可能妨碍公平竞争的五个方面的问题，包括《邮政法》中规定快递监管内容并不合适，行业主管部门主导立法存在较大弊端，对快递行业实行经营许可会造成不合理的“准入壁垒"，邮政普遍服务补偿机制尚有许多未明确的内容并直接影响到快递行业的竞争环境，快递行业协会职能狭窄、行政化倾向较重等。并采取比较分析的方法，简要介绍了美国及欧盟快递行业的监管情况，侧重于与第三部分提出的五方面问题有关的经验做法，以供我国快递行业参考借鉴。最后，在前述内容的基础上，提出了修改现行《邮政法》、使其专注于普遍服务领域，提高立法的透明度和公众参与度，降低快递行业市场准入门槛，明确邮政

2、普遍服务补偿机制内的有关内容，充分发挥快递行业协会作用等5个方面完善我国快递行业监管法律规制的对策建议。关键词：快递：监管：竞争ⅡAbstractThewholepostalindustryinChinamainlyconsistsoftwodifferentparts，oneisuniversalpostalserviceindustrywhichischaracterizedincommonweal，andtheotherisexpressindustrywhichischaracterizedincompetitiveness．Theexpressindustrystartedatth

3、ebeginningofChina’Sreformandopening-up．Inrecentyears，alongwiththenationalconsumptionsn佻tI鹏upgradeandahugemarketdemandstimulatedbytherapiddevelopmentofnewserviceindustry,suchaselectroniccommerceandonlineshopping，theexpressindustryhasdevelopedintoanimportantindustrywhichhasaconsiderablescaleofeconomi

4、candsocialinfluence、加mhundredsofthousandofemployeesandtensofbillionofannualsalesvolume．Onthe1筑ofOctoberin2009，thenewPostalLawofthePeople’SRepublicofChinacameintoact,inwhichtheexpressindustrygotaclearlegalpositionforthefirsttime．ThePostalLaw,aswellasaseriesofregulationsandothernormativedocuments，has

5、thenformedaregulatoryframeworkinexpressindustry．Theobjectivesofthisregulationincludetheunificationofexpressservicestandards，theimprovementofexpressservicequality,thepromotionofmarketopeningandcompetitionandsoon．Amongwhich,thefirsttwoobjectiveshasachievedremarkableeffectbydefiningtheoperationandmana

6、gementissuesandtheindustrialstandardsclearly,however,atthesametime，itmakespeopletendtoignoreanotherimportanttaskthatthesupervisorylawsandregulationsoughttofulfill—thepromotionofmarketcompetition，whilepeoplearefocusingontheexpressservicestandardsandqualitiesthemselves．Infact,thedevelopmentofexpressi

7、ndustrywillinevitablybeconfrontedwiththeproblemofrelationshipbetweenexpressindustryandthetraditionalpostalservicesystem(e．g．postalmonopoly)，andinthatrespect，whetherafairmarketcompetitioninexpressindustryCan