On Sleep and Sleeplessness《论睡和醒》

On Sleep and Sleeplessness《论睡和醒》

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页数:19页

时间:2019-01-22

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1、350BCONSLEEPANDSLEEPLESSNESSbyAristotletranslatedbyJ.I.Beare1WITHregardtosleepandwaking,wemustconsiderwhattheyare:whethertheyarepeculiartosoulortobody,orcommontoboth;andifcommon,towhatpartofsoulorbodytheyappertain:further,fromwhatcauseitarisesthattheyareattributesofanimals,andwhetherall

2、animalsshareinthemboth,orsomepartakeoftheoneonly,othersoftheotheronly,orsomepartakeofneitherandsomeofboth.Further,inadditiontothesequestions,wemustalsoinquirewhatthedreamis,andfromwhatcausesleeperssometimesdream,andsometimesdonot;orwhetherthetruthisthatsleepersalwaysdreambutdonotalwaysr

3、emember(theirdream);andifthisoccurs,whatitsexplanationis.Again,[wemustinquire]whetheritispossibleornottoforeseethefuture(indreams),andifitbepossible,inwhatmanner;further,whether,supposingitpossible,itextendsonlytothingstobeaccomplishedbytheagencyofMan,ortothosealsoofwhichthecauseliesins

4、upra-humanagency,andwhichresultfromtheworkingsofNature,orofSpontaneity.First,then,thismuchisclear,thatwakingandsleepappertaintothesamepartofananimal,inasmuchastheyareopposites,andsleepisevidentlyaprivationofwaking.Forcontraries,innaturalaswellasinallothermatters,areseenalwaystopresentth

5、emselvesinthesamesubject,andtobeaffectionsofthesame:examplesare-healthandsickness,beautyandugliness,strengthandweakness,sightandblindness,hearinganddeafness.Thisisalsoclearfromthefollowingconsiderations.Thecriterionbywhichweknowthewakingpersontobeawakeisidenticalwiththatbywhichweknowthe

6、sleepertobeasleep;forweassumethatonewhoisexercisingsense-perceptionisawake,andthateveryonewhoisawakeperceiveseithersomeexternalmovementorelsesomemovementinhisownconsciousness.Ifwaking,then,consistsinnothingelsethantheexerciseofsense-perception,theinferenceisclear,thattheorgan,invirtueof

7、whichanimalsperceive,isthatbywhichtheywake,whentheyareawake,orsleep,whentheyareawake,orsleep,whentheyareasleep.Butsincetheexerciseofsense-perceptiondoesnotbelongtosoulorbodyexclusively,then(sincethesubjectofactualityisineverycaseidenticalwiththatofpotentiality,andwhatiscalledse

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