The Kreutzer Sonata and Other Stories《克莱采奏鸣曲》

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1、TRANSLATOR'SPREFACE.OncomparingwiththeoriginalRussiansomeEnglishtranslationsofCountTolstoi'sworks,publishedbothinthiscountryandinEngland,Iconcludedthattheywerefarfrombeingaccurate.ThemajorityofthemwereretranslationsfromtheFrench,andIfoundthattherespectivetransitionsthroughwhichtheyh

2、adpassedtendedtoobliteratemanyofthebeautiesoftheRussianlanguageandofthepeculiarcharacteristicsofRussianlife.AsatisfactorytranslationcanbemadeonlybyonewhounderstandsthelanguageandSPIRIToftheRussianpeople.AsTolstoi'swritingscontainsomanyidiomsitisnotaneasytasktorenderthemintointelligi

3、bleEnglish,andtheonewhosuccessfullyaccomplishesthismustbeanativeofRussia,commandingtheEnglishandRussianlanguageswithequalfluency.Thestoryof"IvantheFool"portraysTolstoi'scommunisticideas,involvingtheabolitionofmilitaryforces,middlemen,despotism,andmoney.Insteadofthesehewouldestablish

4、onearthakingdominwhicheachandeverypersonwouldbecomeaworkerandproducer.Theauthordescribesthevariousstrugglesthroughwhichthreebrotherspassed,besetastheywerebydevilslargeandsmall,untiltheyreachedtheidealstateofexistencewhichhebelievestobetheonlyhappyoneattainableinthisworld.Onreadingth

5、islittlestoryoneissurprisedthattheRussiancensorpassedit,asitisdevotedtoanarrationofideasquiteatvariancewiththepresentpolicyofthegovernmentofthatcountry."ALostOpportunity"isasingularlytruepictureofpeasantlife,whichevincesadeepstudyofthesubjectonthepartofthewriter.Tolstoihasdrawnmanyo

6、fthepeculiarcustomsoftheRussianpeasantinamasterlymanner,andIdoubtifhehasgivenamorecomprehensivedescriptionofthisfeatureofRussianlifeinanyofhisotherworks.Inthisstoryalsohehaspresentedmanytraitswhicharecommontohumannaturethroughouttheworld,andthisgivesanaddedinteresttothebook.Thelangu

7、ageissimpleandpicturesque,andthecharactersaredrawnwithremarkablefidelitytonature.ThemoralofthistalepointsouthowtheheroIvanmighthaveavoidedtheterribleconsequencesofaquarrelwithhisneighbor(whichgrewoutofnothing)ifhehadlivedinaccordancewiththescripturalinjunctiontoforgivehisbrother'ssi

8、nsandseeknotforreve