对群众的控制：多数主义法院的反映舆论的原则毕业论文外文翻译

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1、CrowdControl:TheMajoritarianCourtandtheReflectionofPublicOpinioninDoctrine1.IntroductionThejudicialbranchofthefederalgovernmenthashistoricallyhadanuneasyrelationshipwithpublicopinion.Liketheexecutiveandlegislativebranches,thejudiciarydependsonpublicsupportforitslegitimacy.But

2、unlikethepoliticalbranches,thejudiciaryisnotelectorallyaccountabletothosewhosesupportitrequires.Tothecontrary,oneofitsdefiningattributesisthedurytothwartpoliticalexpressionsofpopularwillthatrunafouloftheConstitutionNevertheless,ithasbeennotedthat气heargumentsofappellatejudgesi

3、ntheCommonLawworldnecessarilyrest,accordingtosomelegalscholars,oncommunityconsensusaboutextralegalvalues.”Inotherwords,theoftencounter-majoritarianjudiciarymustproduceresultsacceptabletothegeneralpublicoverthelongterminordertomaintainitslegitimacy.ProfessorChemerinskyhasposit

4、edthatthejudiciary'slegitimacyactuallyhingesonboththegeneralacceptabilityoftheresultitproducesandtherelativeconsisitencyofthemethodsbywhichthoseresultsarereached.Traditionally,scholaryandjudicialcommentaryontheinfluenceofpublicopiniononthefederaljudiciaryhasfollowedtwocourses

5、.Somecommentatorsandjuristsarguethatjudicialindependencerequiresthatpublicopinionhavenoinfluenceonjudicialdecision-making.Anothergroupofscholarsadvocatesanindirectlyinfluentialroleto“objective，，measuresofscholarsadvocatesanindirectlyinfluentialroleforpublicopinioninlimitedcon

6、texts.Thesescholarsbelievejudgesshouldreferto“objective"measuresofpublicopinionasguidelineswhendecidingquestionsofstatutoryinterpretationanddelineatingtheEighthAmendment'sprohibitionon"cruelandunsualpunishment.^Recentdevelopmentsinempiricalresearchsuggestthatthesepositionstak

7、etoolimitedaviewofpublicopinionasaninfluenceonjudicialdecision-making.Theresearchsuggeststhatthe"judicialisolation59modelconflictswithreality-theinfluenceofpublicopinionmaybeinevitable.ThisArticlewillexaminethisevidence,whichsuggeststhatmanyjudgesareinfluenced-atleastmarginal

8、ly-bypublicopinion.Becausethejudiciaryistheonebranchofthefederalgove