对群众的控制：多数主义法院的反映舆论的原则 毕业论文外文翻译

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1、CrowdControl:TheMajoritarianCourtandtheReflectionofPublicOpinioninDoctrine1.IntroductionThejudicialbranchofthefederalgovernmenthashistoricallyhadanuneasyrelationshipwithpublicopinion.Liketheexecutiveandlegislativebranches,thejudiciarydependsonpublicsupportforitslegitimacy.Butunlikethepoliticalb

2、ranches,thejudiciaryisnotelectorallyaccountabletothosewhosesupportitrequires.Tothecontrary,oneofitsdefiningattributesisthedurytothwartpoliticalexpressionsofpopularwillthatrunafouloftheConstitutionNevertheless,ithasbeennotedthat”theargumentsofappellatejudgesintheCommonLawworldnecessarilyrest,acc

3、ordingtosomelegalscholars,oncommunityconsensusaboutextralegalvalues.”Inotherwords,theoftencounter-majoritarianjudiciarymustproduceresultsacceptabletothegeneralpublicoverthelongterminordertomaintainitslegitimacy.ProfessorChemerinskyhaspositedthatthejudiciary’slegitimacyactuallyhingesonboththegen

4、eralacceptabilityoftheresultitproducesandtherelativeconsisitencyofthemethodsbywhichthoseresultsarereached.Traditionally,scholaryandjudicialcommentaryontheinfluenceofpublicopiniononthefederaljudiciaryhasfollowedtwocourses.Somecommentatorsandjuristsarguethatjudicialindependencerequiresthatpublico

5、pinionhavenoinfluenceonjudicialdecision-making.Anothergroupofscholarsadvocatesanindirectlyinfluentialroleto“objective”measuresofscholarsadvocatesanindirectlyinfluentialroleforpublicopinioninlimitedcontexts.Thesescholarsbelievejudgesshouldreferto“objective”measuresofpublicopinionasguidelineswhen

6、decidingquestionsofstatutoryinterpretationanddelineatingtheEighthAmendment’sprohibitionon“cruelandunsualpunishment.”Recentdevelopmentsinempiricalresearchsuggestthatthesepositionstaketoolimitedaviewofpublicopinionasaninfluenceonjudicialdecision-making.Theresearchsuggeststhatthe“judicialisolation

7、”modelconflictswithreality-theinfluenceofpublicopinionmaybeinevitable.ThisArticlewillexaminethisevidence,whichsuggeststhatmanyjudgesare16influenced-atleastmarginally–bypublicopinion.Becausethejudiciaryistheonebranchofthefederalgov