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1、专利制度的有来OriginofpatentsystemPatentreferstotheexclusiverightofthestatetograntthetechnologyandtheinventorortechnologyownertherighttouseandhandlethetechnologywithinaspecifiedperiodoftime.Generallyspeaking,patentsareclassifiedasinventionpatents,utilitymodelspatentsanddesignpa
2、tents・Allinventionswhicharepractical,creativeandnovelcanbepatentedthroughtheestablishmentofthepatentoffice・Intheperiodofvalidityofthepatent,thepatentholderenjoysthetechnologyandmayprohibitothersfromcopying,copyingandusingit.Anyonewhowantstousethepatentmustobtainthepermis
3、sionofthepatentownerandpayacertainfee・Thepatentsystemoriginatedin13andfourteenthCentury.Atthattime,thekingsofsomeEuropeancountrieshadgivencertainmerchantstherighttomanufactureandsellcertainproducts・In1236,theBritishroyalfamilygaveBordeauxcitizensamonopolyonthemanufacture
4、andsaleofcoloredclothfor15years・BytheseventeenthCentury,theindustrialrevolutiontookplaceinEurope,andtheinventionofthesteamenginereplacedthelargemachineproductioninthehandicraftworkshops・Inordertoencourageinventionsandprotecttheinterestsofinventors,in1617,thestatedecidedt
5、oestablishapatentsystem,andin1624promulgatedthemonopolylaw.Sincethen,themodernpatentsystemhasbeenestablishedineurope・Thepatentsystemhasevolvedfromprotectingmonopolytoprotect!ngtheinterestsofinventorsforalimitedperiod.Inordertopromotetechnologicalprogress,thepatentsystemi
6、susedinexchangefortheprotectionoftechnologicalinventionsbythestateinexchangeforopentechnology.In1790,theUnitedStatespromulgatedthepatentlaw,andin1791,Franceissuedapatentlaw・BynineteenthCentury,mostcountriesinEuropeandAmericahadenactedpatentlaws・Patentsystemdevelopswithth
7、ecapitalistsystem・Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,moreandmoreattentionhasbeenpaidtothepatentsystem・PresidentLincolnsaid:〃thepatentsystemfuelsthefireofgenius・〃・"Ontheonehand,thepatentsystemprotectsthepatentowner，srightofexclusivepossessionoftheinvention,ando
8、ntheotherhandpromotesthepatentownertomaketheinventionpublic,andplaysanactiveroleinthedevelopmentofscien
