[博弈论书籍].lectures.note.on.game.theory,john duffy

《[博弈论书籍].lectures.note.on.game.theory,john duffy》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、WhatisaGame?•Therearemanytypesofgames,boardgames,cardgames,videogames,fieldgames(e.g.football),etc.•Inthiscourse,ourfocusisongameswhere:–Thereare2ormoreplayers.–Thereissomechoiceofactionwherestrategymatters.–Thegamehasoneormoreoutcomes,e.g.someonewins,someoneloses.–Theoutc

2、omedependsonthestrategieschosenbyallplayers;thereisstrategicinteraction.•Whatdoesthisruleout?–Gamesofpurechance,e.g.lotteries,slotmachines.(Strategiesdon'tmatter).–Gameswithoutstrategicinteractionbetweenplayers,e.g.Solitaire.WhyDoEconomistsStudyGames?•Gamesareaconvenientwa

3、yinwhichtomodelthestrategicinteractionsamongeconomicagents.•Manyeconomicissuesinvolvestrategicinteraction.–Behaviorinimperfectlycompetitivemarkets,e.g.Coca-ColaversusPepsi.–Behaviorinauctions,e.g.InvestmentbanksbiddingonU.S.Treasurybills.–Behaviorineconomicnegotiations,e.g

4、.trade.•GametheoryisnotlimitedtoEconomics.FiveElementsofaGame:1.Theplayers–howmanyplayersarethere?–doesnature/chanceplayarole?2.Acompletedescriptionofwhattheplayerscando–thesetofallpossibleactions.3.Theinformationthatplayershaveavailablewhenchoosingtheiractions4.Adescripti

5、onofthepayoffconsequencesforeachplayerforeverypossiblecombinationofactionschosenbyallplayersplayingthegame.5.Adescriptionofallplayers’preferencesoverpayoffs.ThePrisoners'DilemmaGame•Twoplayers,prisoners1,2.•Eachprisonerhastwopossibleactions.–Prisoner1:Don'tConfess,Confess–

6、Prisoner2:Don'tConfess,Confess•Playerschooseactionssimultaneouslywithoutknowingtheactionchosenbytheother.•Payoffconsequencesquantifiedinprisonyears.•Feweryears=greatersatisfaction=>higherpayoff.•Prisoner1payofffirst,followedbyprisoner2payoff.Prisoners’Dilemmain“Normal”or“S

7、trategic”FormPrisoner2↓Don'tPrisoner1↓ConfessConfessDon't1,115,0ConfessConfess0,155,5Howtoplaygamesusingthecomlabgamessoftware.•Startthebrowsersoftware(IEorNetscape).•EntertheURLaddressprovidedontheboard.•Enterausernameandorganization=pitt.Thenclickthestartgamebutton.•Star

8、tplayingwhenrolesareassigned.•Youarerandomlymatchedwithoneotherplayer.•Choosearoworcolumn